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343 Pharm Exam 2 > Chapter 43 Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Chapter 43 Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

What does hemostasis mean?

A

The slowing or stopping of blood flow

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2
Q

What does coagulation mean?

A

The formation of clot

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3
Q

What does fibrinolysis mean?

A

The breakdown of a blood clot

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4
Q

What does thrombus mean?

A

A blood clot obstructing flow in a vessel

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5
Q

What does thromboembolic disorder?

A

A disorder in which the body forms unnecessary clots

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6
Q

What does embolus mean?

A

A clot traveling through a vessel

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7
Q

What does thrombocytopenia mean?

A

Low platelet count

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8
Q

What does hemophilia mean?

A

Genetic bleeding disorder

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9
Q

What are the 3 drugs that we use to maintain or restore circulation?

A

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics

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10
Q

What does anticoagulants do?

A

Prevent the formation of clots that inhibit circulation

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11
Q

What does anti platelets do?

A

Prevent platelet aggregation

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12
Q

What does thrombolytics do?

A

Attack and dissolve blood clots that have already formed

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13
Q

Thrombolyics are the only drug that help dissolve clots?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Anticoagulants are also known as antithrombotic drugs

Do they effect a blood clot that has already developed?

A

Nope

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15
Q

Labs for patients on anticoagulant therapy

What is prothrombin time?
Usually used when someone is on ??

A

PT measures the time it takes the plasma to clot

Warfarin

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16
Q

Labs for patients on anticoagulant therapy
INR used for?
Treatment goal is?

A

Used for standardized the PT test, making up for any difference in lab

2-3

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17
Q

Labs for patients on anticoagulant therapy

Activated partial thromboplastin time?

A

Used to monitor clotting times when on heparin

18
Q

Warfarin -> PT(war)
Heparin -> PTT&APTT

A
19
Q

Heparin can be given how? (2)
Usually we have to what?
Short half life of how long?

A

IV & SUB
Double check it with another nurse
1-2 hours

20
Q

What is the antidote of heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

21
Q

Do you give over damage tissues?
Do you give 2 inches from umbilicus?

Heparin!

A

NO!!

22
Q

Do you aspirate subq heparin shots?
Why?

A

No
Cause hematoma

23
Q

What is low molecular weight heparin?

A

Think of lovenox
Less able to inactive thrombin
Prevent DVT & PE after surger
Lower risk of bleeding
(12 hour half life )

24
Q

How much low molecular weight heparin given to?

A

Twice a day

It’s really low so patients get sent home in this

25
Q

Don’t take aspirin with low molecular weight heparin why?

A

Because bleeding

26
Q

Do you rub after administration of low weight molecular heparin?

A

NO!!!
Hematoma!!

27
Q

What is an example of oral anticoagulants?

A

Warfarin!

28
Q

What is the action of warfarin?

A

Inhibits hepatic synthesis of vitamin k

29
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

30
Q

Can warfarin be started while the patient is still on heparin?
And how can this be safe to know?

A

Yes

Looking at the PT and INR levels

31
Q

Do we use NSAIDS with warfarin?

A

No because highly protein bound and cause toxicity

32
Q

How long does warfarin take to start working?

A

Takes a few days

Usually heparin and warfain at the same time, so when it’s time to go home, heparin is stopped and warfarin is used to take home

33
Q

What’s the only thing pain relief or fever that people on anticoagulants can take?

A

Tylenol

34
Q

It’s super important to tell dentist when they are using anticoagulants!!!

A
35
Q

What is antiplatelets?

Used for?
- prevent thrombosis
- prevent MI & stroke
- prevention TIA

A

Suppress platelet aggregation

Single file line going through the blood vessels

36
Q

What is an example of antiplatelye medications?

A

Aspirin

37
Q

What is aspirin used for?

A

Prevent MI, thromboembolism and treatment of stroke

38
Q

How much daily aspirin?

A

81mg

39
Q

Plavix is another medication that’s antiplatelet

A
40
Q

What is theombolytics?

A

Dissolving clots!!!

Bind to fibrin promoting conversion of plasminogen plasmin

41
Q

What is thrombokytics used for?

A

PE,DVT, thrombolytic stroke

42
Q

What are the 3 biggest adverse reaction of thrombolytics?

A

Anaphylactic
Dysrhyhmias
Hemorrhage

343 Pharm Exam 2 (9 decks)

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