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343 Pharm Exam 2 > Chapter 40 Antianginals Antidysrhythmics > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Antianginals Antidysrhythmics Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart failure?

What are some common causes ?

A

When your heart isn’t able to pump enough blood to meet the bodies metabolic needs

Heart attack & valve deficiency
Coronary arty disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Diabetes

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2
Q

Heart failure heart becomes __
and loses its ability to pump ___
lungs and and periphery become ___

A

enlarges
Adequately
Congested

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3
Q

Right sided heart failure you have back up into ?

Left side heart failure you back up into ?

A

Veins
Lungs

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4
Q

How do you treat heart failure without medications?

A

Limit salt
Low fat diet
No alcohol
No smoking
Exercise
Lose weight
Fluids

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5
Q

What are two labs test for heart failure?

A

ANP & BNP
( BNP lab test, heart failure or not )

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6
Q

What are some cardiac glycosides medications?

A

Digitalis ( digoxin)

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7
Q

Is digoxin a first line medication?

A

No

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8
Q

What is the function of digoxin?
Positive inotropic (4)
Negative chronotropic (1)

A

Increase heart contractility
Increase stroke
Decrease preload
Increase coronary blood flow

Decrease heart rate improves cardiac output

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9
Q

What does cardiac glycosides do?

A

Reduction of the heart size
Increase urine production

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10
Q

What are the 6 side effects of digoxin?

A

Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting
Diarrhea
Blurred/yellow vision
Halos around light

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11
Q

What causes digitalis toxicity ? (4)

A

Overdose or accumulation
Hypokalemia & hypercalcemia
Old age

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12
Q

What’s the antidote for digitalis toxicity?

A

Digoxin immune fab

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13
Q

What are the 5 digitals toxicity symptoms?

A

Blurred vision
Virtual illusions
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting

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14
Q

Digoxin immune fab helps us to get rid of that toxicity by?

A

Binding to the molecules and excrete it in urine

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15
Q

We want to avoid giving digoxin with what? (4) and example each

A

High fiber
- binds & proteins bound

Diuretics
- Hypokalemia

Cortisone
- sodium retention - hypokelamie

Antacids
- decrease absorptions

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16
Q

What is phosphodiesterace inhibitors function?

A

Inhibits enzyme phosphodiesterace to promote a stronger heart beat & vasodilations

17
Q

What is an example of phosphodiesterace inhibitors?

A

Milrinone lactate

18
Q

Should we be careful of giving it IV for more than 48-72 hours with phosphodiesterase inhibitors and why?

A

Yes because it causes bradycardia

19
Q

Is ohosphodiesterase inhibitors a last choice medication?

A

Yes

20
Q

What is antianginal drugs? Nitrates?

A

Prompts vasodailtion
Decrease preload and after load

21
Q

We should be very cautions of giving nitrates to who and why?

A

People who take erectile dysfunction drug because it can cause severe hypotension

22
Q

Nitrates usually become metabolize through the liver by first pass effect so we have other methods to admitted like?

A

Sublingual
IV
Aerosol spray

23
Q

One thing that can happen with patients are on nitrates, they can have a tolerance to them. Why?

A

Because they get addicted to it, with the patch, so you take it off before going to bed

If they don’t, it won’t work

24
Q

Should you chew and swallow nitroglycerin ?

A

No!!

25
Q

Do we protect nitrates from light?

A

Yes!!

26
Q

As soon as you have chest pain, should they stop what they are doing and take nitrate?

A

Yes

27
Q

If they have a burning sensation under there tongue for there nitrates, is it working?

A

Yes

28
Q

If you have to take a 2nd nitroglycerin to stop chest pain, what do you need to do?

A

Call 911

29
Q

When do you start taking beta blockers when regarding the heart,

A

After a heart attack

30
Q

Why do we take beta blockers after a heart attack?

A

Because we have so much epinephrine and norepinephrine circulating and irritating the heart causing imbalance supply and demand of oxygen

So beta blockers block the effects of cetachomines

31
Q

What are the classes of antidysrthythmic drugs?

A

Sodium channel blockers
Beta adrenergic blockers
Prolong depolarization
Calcium channel blockers

32
Q

What are the 3 things sodium channel blockers do?

A

Slow conduction prolongs repolarizing

Slow condition shortens repolarization

Prolonged conduction with little or no effect repoliarziaon

33
Q

What does beta adrenergic blockers do?

A

Decrease conduction Velocity

34
Q

What does calcium channel blockers do?

A

Slow the heart rate down & increase perfusion

343 Pharm Exam 2 (9 decks)

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