Chapter 42 Antihypertensive

Question 1

What is preload?

Answer 1

Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of disatole

Question 2

What is after load?

Answer 2

Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

Question 3

Usually when a patient who just got hypertension, what will we give?

Answer 3

Thaizide diuretic

Question 4

Notes
Things that are effected of blood pressure
- kidneys
- catecholamines
- baroreceptors in aorta and carotid sinus
- vasomotor center in medulla
- hormones

Brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP )
Heart failure

Question 5

Who are the highest risk of getting hypertension?

Answer 5

Older African American men

Question 6

What’s the biggest thing to watch out with hypertension who takes antihypertensive medications?

Answer 6

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 7

What are some things to change not pharmacological for treatment of hypertension?

Also start least invasive to most invasive

Answer 7

No salt
Exercise
Stress reduction techniques
Decrease alcohol ingestion
Smoking cessation

Question 8

Asian Americans usually have a great response to what?

Compared to?

Answer 8

Hypertensive medications

African Americans

Question 9

Usually patients in the hospital will have the following
Hypertension
Obesity
High cholesterol

Question 10

What are the 3 actions of beta blockers?

Answer 10

Heart rate
Force of contraction
Rate of AV conduction

Question 11

What are the 6 side effects of beta blockers?

Answer 11

Bradycardia
Lethargy
GI disturbance
CHF
BP decreased
Depression

Question 12

Sympatholytics side effects (3)

Answer 12

Erectile dysfunction
Bronchospams
Abnormal blood glucose

Question 13

Patients who are on beta blockers, it is possible they are going to have what?

Answer 13

Respiratory depression

Question 14

Usually beta receptors come cardioselective

Which is more Side effects
Cardiosleve or nonselective?

Answer 14

Nonselective
It bothers everything

Question 15

Beta blockers usually do what?
Like how do they work?

Answer 15

Decrease heart rate
Decrease oxygen
Peripheral edema can occur

Question 16

People who should watch out for beta blockers are (2)

Answer 16

Diabetics and repository illness

Question 17

If a patient has a pulse of 60, do you hold the medication or give of a beta blocker?

Answer 17

HOLDb

Question 18

What are the 4 things centrally acting alpha agonists do?

Methyldopa
Clonidine
Guanfacine

Side effects

Rebound hypertension
Edema
Weight gain
Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 18

Stimulate alpha 2 receptors
Decrease cardiac output
Decrease epinephrine, dopamine
Increase vagus activity

Question 19

Patients who are taking alpha adrenergic blockers we should 100% watch out for?

Answer 19

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 20

What is direct acting arteriolar ?

Hydrazine, minoxidil, nitroprusside

Side effects (2)

Answer 20

Long acting nitroglycerin

More permanent vasodilator

Lupus like symptoms
Muscle pain!!

Question 21

What does ace inhibitors?

Answer 21

Work on the angiotension and stops the angiotension hormone and causes vasodsiltion

Question 22

What are the 3 ace inhibitors side effects!!

Answer 22

First dose hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema

Question 23

Ace inhibitors normally have a cough, dry cough!

But if it isn’t painful, they should just tolerate it

Question 24

What disease process affects renal function?

So patients with ___ on ace inhibitor in order to help promote renal function, renal protective

Answer 24

Diabetes

Question 25

Do you take ACE on an empty stomach?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What is an ARBS?

Answer 26

It does the same thing as ACE just doesn’t cause a cough

Question 27

What are the 3 side effects of arbs?

Answer 27

First dose hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Hyperkalemia

Question 28

What does calcium channel blockers?

Answer 28

Changes the calcium from going back to your cells

Question 29

What are the 3 big things of calcium Channel blockers?

Answer 29

Bradycardia
peripheral edema
Constipation