Chapter 15 adrenergic Agonist & Antagonist Flashcards by Brina Quintanilla Reyes

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

It activates the body

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What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Slows down the body

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What does sympathic function do the following?
Heart? (2)
Blood vessels ?
Lungs ?
GI? (3)
Eyes?

Increase heart rate
Increase force of contraction

Constriction

Bronchodilation

Decrease motility
Sphincter contraction
Decreased secretions ( relax bladder)

Dilation of pupil

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What does parasympathetic nervous system do to the body?
Heart?(2)
Blood vessels?
Lungs?
GI? (3)
Eyes?

Decrease heart rate
Decrease force of contraction

No effect

Bronchoconstrction

Increase motility
Sphincter relaxation
Increased secretions

Constriction

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How does adrenergic agonist function or react to the central nervous system?

Its functions in causing a sympathetic response & stimulate the sympathies nervous system

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What does catecholamines mean?

A substance that can produce a simpathomimetric response

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What does sympathomimetric mean?

A drug that affects the sympathetic nervous sustem

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What does adrenergic mean?

Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

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What does agonist mean?

A drug that stimulates the action of a receptor

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What does antagonist mean?

A drug that blocks response from a receptor

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Adrenergic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, but without this drug, how does our body naturally stimulate this system?

Mimic neurotransmitters like
Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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What does adrenergic receptor sites act on?

Heart, bronchi, gi tract, urinary bladder, ciliary eye

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Adrenergic drugs are also known as?(2)

Adrenergic agonist
Sympathomimetics

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What are the 2 different kind of alpha receptors that adrenergic agonists effect?

Alpha 1
Alpha 2

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What does alpha 1 receptors do for adrenergic agonist ? (3)

Increases cardiac contractility, vasoconstriction

Dilate the pupils, increase blood pressure

Increases bladder relaxation & urinary sphincter contractions

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What does alpha 2 receptors do to adrenergic agonist? (2)

Promotes vasodilators and decrease BP by preventing the release of norepinephrine

Decrease GI motility & tone

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What are the side effects of alpha adrenergic adverse effects?
CNS (5)
Cardiovascular (4)
Other (5)

Headache
Restlessness
Excitement
Insomnia
Euphoria

Palpitations
Tachycardia
Vasoconstriction
Hypertension

Loss of appetite
Dry mouth
Nausea
Vomiting
Taste changes

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What are the two beta receptors ?

Beta 1
Beta 2

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What does beta 1 receptors do for adrenergic agonists? (2)

Increase cardiac contractility

Increase BP & HR

What does beta 2 receptors do for adrenergic agonists? (5)

Bronchodilation & decrease GI tone
Increase blood flow
Relaxes smooth muscules of uterus
Activates liver glycogenolysis /increase blood glucos
Increase renin secretion in kidneys

Adverse effects of beta adrenergic ?
CNS!(4)
cardiovascular(3)
Other (4)

Mild tremors
Headaches
Nervousness
Dizziness

Increase HR
palpitations
Fluctuations in BP

Sweating
Nausea
Vomitting
Muscle cramps

Where are the dopaminergic receptors? ( this is also where they effect ) (4)

Kidneys
Mesentery
Heart
Brain

Once we have stimulated on of these receptors, we have to inactivate it. Why?

Then we prolong the effect of the stimulation of that receptor

How can we inactive the norepinephrine? (3)

By having the transmitter going back to the neurons & or enzymes that degrade that extra norepinephrine

Or even giving drugs that prolong the action of the neurotransmitter
- by either inhibiting the reuptake
- by inhibit degradation

When we talk about our sympathomimetics or adrenergic agonists they can be classified as 3 things. What are they and give me an example?

Direct ( epinephrine ) - directly stimulates the receptor Indirect ( amphetamine ) - simulates the release of epinephrine from terminal to be sent to the place Mixed acting ( ephedrine, psuedoephedrine ) - stimulated receptors - stimulates release of epinephrine from terminal

What is catecholamines again?

A substance that produces a sympathetic response

What are the 2 groups of catecholamines? Examples too

Endogenous ( epinephrine, norepinephrine & dopamine) Synthetic catecholamines ( isoproternol, dobutamine )

What does noncatecholamines?

Stimulates the receptors!! and create a response, but they last a little longer ( phenylephrine, albuterol )

What is central acting alpha agonists? What are the two drugs used/ used for?

Stimulate alpha receptors in the CNS Clonidine Methyldipa ( treating hypertension )

Clinical judgement with an adrenergic agonist Notes!!

Perfusion! Looking at viral signs & drug history Hypotension since it’s mainly drugs to help with hypertension Record the viral signs Report heart palpitations Avoid continuous use of nasal sprays no cold medications!!

If you have hypertension and or heart disease avoid these drugs why? What type of drugs?

Cold medicines Because they can aggregate it!!

What are adrenergic antagonists? How do they do this (2)?

Blocks the effects of adrenergic neutrotransmitters Directly occupying the receptors Indirectly releasing epinephrine & norepehrine

What are the types of adrenergic antagonists?

Alpha & beta Selective and nonselective

What is the difference between selective and nonselective?

Selective will only effect alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2 However with nonselective it effects every alpha and beta receptors

What does alpha adrenergic antagonist do? Selective example? Nonselective example? Actions? Usage?

Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha adrenergic receptor site Blocks alpha 1 Blocks both alpha 1 Promotes vasodilations Decrease BPH&PVD ( peripheral vascular disease ) ( Benin prostate hyperplasia)

Alpha 1 side effects (6)

Vasodilations & dizziness Orthostatic hypotension Pupil constrictions Suppresses ejaculation Reduce contraction of smooth muscles in bladder

If a patient is on an alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist, why do we want to put them on a risk fall precaution or education them on changing positions slowly?

Because of the orthostatic hypotension

What does beta adrenergic antagonists do!? ( these are beta blockers!) Nonselective beta blocker 1 (2) Blocks 2 (2) Example of nonselective ^

Decrease blood pressure & heart rate Decreases BP & heart rate Bronchocontrxrions & use with caution in patients with COPD&asthma Atenolol ( chest pain really! )

Why do we want to watch out with patients with chronic respiratory disease when on a nonselective beta blocker?

Respiratory disease will get worse Stronger consider to change it

Notes Beta1 Reduce heart contractions & HR Beta 2 Bronchospams Contracts uterus Inhibits glucohenolysis ( leads with hypoglycemia $

Beta blockers 2, people are at risk for developing hypoglycemia why?

Because it inhibits glycogenolysis

Some of our beta blockers have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, which means that? And can be used for people who have problems with? Then how does it help them?

Even though they are blocking the receptors, there is a small activity Bradycardia Since hypertension medications will lower there heart rate; they usually have bradycardia problems, so we have drugs with this activity to help promote low blood pressure while still having some activation of the heart from the little stimulation

Notes Selective blockers - metoprolol - decrease blood pressure

Beta adrenergic blockers ( beta blockers ) Have drug interactions How do they work with NSAIDS? How do they work with other antihyperneeive medications ?

They show decrease effects with NSAIDS they show increase effective with other antihypertensive medications ( like higher risk for hypotension )

What are side effective if beta blockers? (4)

Bradycardia!! Hypotension !! Dysrthythmias Palpitations !! Dizziness Depression Peripheral edema !!

What is adrenergic neuron antagonists? What are they used for ?

Block the release of norepinephrine Decrease blood pressure

Notes Example of adrenergic neuron antagonists? Reserpine Reduces the serotionin and catecholamines transmitters Depletion of these neurotransmitters may lead to severe mental depression