Chapter 38 Upper Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
What are some common treatments of the common cold? (4)
Antihistamines
Nasal decongestants
Antiussives
Expectorants
For the common cold, treatment is only what?
Symptomatic not curative
So not matter what you’ll have 7-14 days being sick
What is allergic rhinitis?
Exposure to an allergen or antigen causes
Sneezing, itching, watery eyes, nasal congestion, post nasal drip
Also causes loss smell and taste cough and hoarseness
Allergies can be season or perennial
Why?
Because it can affect people differently and think of the spring time !
Bug no matter what treatment is still the same
How does the body respond to an allergen exposure?
It’ll release histamines and other inflammatory mediators to cause the mucous and if itching
If you know you have allergies it’s best to what?
Always take medications before going in the exposure!
It’s super bad that when your allergies aren’t control, bacteria can grow, meaning??
They can develop secondary effects
Antihistamines do what?
Functions in the patient how?
What are the 2 things it can be combined with?
Blocks the action of histamines at H1 receptor sites
Providing relief to prevent allergic symptoms
Decongestants
Cough medications
Notes
Antihistamines indications
- common cold
- nasal allergies
- hay fever
- allergic reactions
- motion sickness
- Parkinson’s disease
- sleep disorders
What are some adverse effects of antihistamines?
They are the same thing as anticholinergic drugs? (4)
Dry mouth
Constipation
Changes in vision
Drowsiness
What are the biggest things we tell our patients taking antihistamines? To do what?
Not drive because it causes drowsiness !!
Notes antihistamines
Use with caution with increase intraocular pressure, renal or cardiac disease
Hypertension
Respiratory disease
PUD
BPH
Don’t drive !!
Don’t mix with CNS depressants
Take with meals!!
Dry mouth
What does nasal congestion do?
Dilation of nasal blood vessels and swelling of nasal cavity
What are the 4 things nasal decongestants do?
Stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors
Produce nasal vascular constrictions
Shrinks muscuous mebrames
Reduce nasal secretion
Nasal congestion can be used for ?(3)
Allergic rhinitis
Inflammation
Infection
What are some side effects of nasal decongestants? (3)
Nervous
Restless
Rebound nasal congestion if used for long
Notes nasal decongestants
Use with cautions in hypertension
Cardiac disease & DM
Administration
Spray
Drops
Tablet
Capsule
Liquid
Interactions
Caffeine
MAOIS
Beta blockers
What does intranasal glucocorticoids do?
Used for?
Side effects? (4)
Anti inflammatory
Allergic rhinitis
Candidiasis, headache, blurred vision, pharyngitis
Just to know, they are given in micrograms!
( helps decrease rhinorrhea, sneezing and congestion )
( takes a few days to start working, maybe even up to a week! So people use afrin and they immediately work, compared to your flonasal spray, they will quit !! It just takes a while !! )
( rinse your mouth cause thrush, and use a spacer for better absorption )
What does antitussives do?
Types?(3)
Act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex
Opioid codeine
Combination preparations
Dextromethrophan
What are expectorants ? - guaifenesin
(2)
Use ?
Side effective ? (3)
Loosens bronchial secretions
Allows elimination by coughing
Common cold
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache
What does sinusitis mean?
Treatment ?
Inflammation of mucous membranes of sinuses
Decongestants, acetaminophen, fluids, rest and antibiotics
What is acute pharyngitis mean?
Treatment?
Inflammation of throat
Saline gargles, lozenges, increase fluid intake, acetaminophen
What is a first generation antihistamines?
Drowsiness dry mouth
Anticholinergic!!!!!
Benadryl !!!
Hard to pee!!
Get tired!!
Take it at night!!
How are you gonna manage a dry mouth?
Ice chips!
Sugar less Candy!
