Chapter 16 cholinergic Agonists & Antagonists

Question 1

Cholinergic agonists and antagonist effect what?

Answer 1

The parasympathetic nervous system

Question 2

What does our body do when we don’t have drugs that are causing parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 2

Neurtosmitter of acetylcholine

Question 3

There are two types of cholinergic receptors what are they and where do they effect?

Answer 3

Muscarinic receptors
- affect smooth muscles & heart rate

Nicotinic
- skeletal muscules

Question 4

There are two types of cholinergic agonists
Which are and do what?

Answer 4

Direct acting
- acts on receptors to activate tissue response

Indirect acting
- inhibits action of enzyme cholinesterase

Question 5

Cholinergic agonists
Cardiovascular (2)
GI (2)
GU (2)
EYE
Lungs (1)
Glands(2)
Striated muscle (2)

Answer 5

Decrease HR&BP, vasodilations

Increase tone,increase bowel movements

Increase utter tone & pee more often

Constrict

Broncho construction

Increase salivation & tears

Increase muscle tone & strength

Question 6

What are some examples is direct acting cholinergic agonists? (3)

Answer 6

Metoclopramide
- increase gastric emptying
- treat GERD

Bethanechol choride
- used to increase pee

Pilocarpine
- used to construct pupils to treat glaucoma

Question 7

Side effects of bethanechol
- increase salvation
- nausea vomitting diarrhea
- hypotension

Contradicting
- bradycardia
- hypotension
- Parkinsonism
- urinary tract obstruction

Question 8

What does indirect acting cholinergic agonist do?

Answer 8

Inhibit or inactive cholinesterase enzyme

Allows ach to accumulate at receptor sites

Question 9

Indirect acting cholinergic agonists
Effects
- skeletal muscle contraction
- promote urination

Contradictions
- urinary obstruction

Question 10

What is reversible cholinesterase inhibitors used for?

Side effects?? (3)

Answer 10

Promote pupil constriction in glaucoma
Increase muscle strength in myasthenia Gravis

Increase sweating & increase salvation
Bradycardia

Question 11

What are irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor?

Answer 11

Last long acting for pupillary construction !!!

Question 12

What is cholinergic antagonists?
Anticholinergic

Answer 12

Inhibits acetylcholine action by occupying acetylcholine

Question 13

What are anticholinergic side effects?
HEART?
Lungs
GI
GU
EYE
Exocrine glands
CNS

Answer 13

Increase hr with large dose
Decrease he with small dose

Bronchodilation
Secrete decreases

Relax smooth muscle
Decreased molitty

Difficulty empty botttle

Dilate pupils

Decrease sweating & risk of overheating!!!

Decrease tremors

Question 14

Cholinergic antagonist decrease sweating so we want to be careful when what?

Answer 14

Because they can overheat

Question 15

Atropine is an anticholinergic drug
What does it do?

Side effects

Answer 15

Increase hr & pupil dilation
Decrease gi spams

Dry mouth
Dehydration headache
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Constipation

Question 16

If a patient who has urinary retention and they are taking an anticholinergic drug, you need to watch out why?

Answer 16

Because this drug causes the bladder to not release urine as much, causing more retention

Watching there I&O

Question 17

What is another anticholinergic drug also treat ?

And why do we do this?

Answer 17

Parkison disease

Decrease muscles tremors
( shuffling gait, pill rolling movement, fingers together & lip smacking )

Question 18

Why do we not give anticholinergic drug to glaucoma?

Answer 18

Because they increase pressure in eyes

Question 19

We also use anticholinergic drug to treat motion sickness!!

Great for cruises! Long term and 3 days