Chapter 4.1: Chromosomes: The Carriers of Genes Flashcards
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
o Geneticists concluded that chromosomes are the carriers of genes, an idea that became known as the chromosome theory of inheritance
What are chromosomes that match in size, shape, and banding?
homologous chromosomes, or homologs
Define chromosomes
long, brightly strong, threadlike bodies within the nucleus that carry genetic material
What is a gamete and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes?
haploin (n)
What are nonhomologous chromosomes?
Nonhomologous chromosomes carry completely unrelated sets of genetic info
In what type of chromosome is the centromere is more or less in the middle?
metacentric chromosome
What is the nuclear division that generates egg and sperm cells containing half the number of chromosomes?
meiosis
What is a nuclear division followed by cell division that results in two daughter cells containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell?
mitosis
Define homologous chromosomes, or homologs
chromosomes that match in size, shape, and banding
Define karyotype
micrographs of the stained chromosomes in homologous pairs arranged by decreasing size
o Geneticists concluded that chromosomes are the carriers of genes, this is known as?
the chromosome theory of inheritance
Describe metacentric chromosomes
o In metacentric chromosomes, the centromere is more or less in the middle
In what type of chromosome is the centromere is very close to one end?
acrocentric chromosome
Define autosomes
all other chromosomes besides sex chromosomes
Define mitosis
nuclear division followed by cell division that results in two daughter cells containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell
