Chapter 2.2: Genetic Analysis According to Mendel Flashcards
How does a specific gene affect phenotype?
o A specific gene determines a specific enzyme whose activity may affect the phenotype in any number of ways depending on the biochemical pathway
What does Mendel’s Law of Segregation state?
Mendel’s Law of Segregation: the two alleles for each trait separate (segregate) during gamete formation, and then unite at random, one from each parent at fertilization
What do monohybrid crosses reveal?
• Monohybrid Crosses Reveal Units of Inheritance and the Law of Segregation
What is an observable characteristic?
phenotype
What is an individual with a homozygous genotype?
homozygote
Define phenotype
an observable characteristic
What is a mating in which an individual showing the dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual expressing the recessive phenotype?
testcross
What is a dihybrid?
o A dihybrid individual is one that is heterozygous for 2 genes at the same time
How do alleles relate to encoding proteins?
o The dominant allele determines a normally functioning protein, while the recessive allele does not encode a functional protein
Define heterozygote
an individual with a heterozygous genotype
Define genotype
alleles present in an individual
What was the first filial (F1) generation in Mendel’s experiment?
When crossed peas were all yellow; first filial (F1) generation
What is an individual with a heterozygous genotype?
heterozygote
What is a monohybrid cross?
cross between single trait hybrids
Define gametes
the specialized cells—eggs within the ovules of the female parent and sperm cells within the pollen grains—that carry genes between generations
What are recombinant types?
o New phenotypic combinations in offspring are called recombinant types