Chapter 40 And 31 Flashcards
What is the definition of hygiene?
Hygiene refers to personal cleanliness practices that promote health and well-being.
What are the significance of hygiene practices?
Maintains skin integrity, prevents infection, and promotes physical and emotional comfort.
List basic hygiene practices.
- Bathing
- Oral care
- Hair care
- Nail and foot care
- Perineal care
- Environmental hygiene
What are the functions of the skin?
- Protection
- Temperature regulation
- Sensation
- Excretion
- Vitamin D production
Name common skin conditions.
- Dry skin
- Acne
- Skin rashes
- Contact dermatitis
- Pressure ulcers
What are the functions of the oral cavity?
- Digestion
- Communication
- Overall health
List common oral health issues.
- Cavities
- Gingivitis
- Periodontitis
- Halitosis
What are the hygiene benefits of hair care?
Prevents dandruff, lice, and scalp infections.
Why is nail care important?
Proper trimming prevents infections and complications, especially for diabetic patients.
What is the purpose of cleaning the eyes?
Regular cleaning prevents infections and ensures clear vision.
What hygiene practice is important for ear care?
Cleaning prevents wax buildup and infections.
Fill in the blank: ______ helps prevent nasal congestion and infections.
[Nose hygiene]
What social factors influence hygiene practices?
- Family customs
- Peer influence
- Media
- Cultural norms
How does personal preference affect hygiene routines?
Individual choices dictate hygiene routines.
What impact does body image have on hygiene care?
Self-esteem influences willingness to perform hygiene care.
How does socioeconomic status affect hygiene levels?
Access to resources affects hygiene levels.
What role do health beliefs and motivation play in hygiene?
Personal convictions impact hygiene consistency.
True or False: Different cultures have unique hygiene practices.
True
What physical condition can hinder self-care?
Illness or mobility limitations.
What is the first step in critical thinking for hygiene care?
Assessment: Gather subjective and objective data regarding hygiene habits and limitations.
What should be identified during the diagnosis phase in hygiene care?
Identify hygiene-related nursing diagnoses (e.g., risk for impaired skin integrity, self-care deficit).
What is involved in the planning phase of hygiene care?
Set realistic hygiene goals tailored to patient needs.
What does the implementation phase of hygiene care include?
Provide hygiene care based on assessment.
What is evaluated in the evaluation phase of hygiene care?
Assess patient’s response and modify care as needed.
What should be assessed during skin hygiene evaluation?
Check for dryness, lesions, rashes, color changes.
What should be inspected in the oral cavity during evaluation?
Inspect teeth, gums, mucosa for infection or decay.
What aspects of hair and scalp should be evaluated?
Look for cleanliness, dandruff, or infestations.
What should be assessed for nails and feet?
Assess for fungal infections, circulation problems.
What should be checked for eyes, ears, and nose during evaluation?
Check for discharge, inflammation, hearing or vision issues.
What are the types of baths mentioned in hygiene care?
- Complete bed bath
- Partial bed bath
- Sponge bath
- Tub/shower bath
What is the purpose of perineal care?
Important for maintaining cleanliness and preventing infections.
What is the significance of back care and massage?
Promotes circulation and relaxation.
How can foot and nail care prevent infections?
Keep feet dry to prevent fungal infections.
What special consideration is needed for diabetic patients regarding nail care?
Avoid trimming diabetic patients’ nails due to the risk of injury.
What is important for oral hygiene?
Regular brushing and flossing prevent dental issues.
What should be done for unconscious patients regarding oral care?
Provide special oral care using a suction toothbrush.
What practices promote hair health?
- Shampooing
- Brushing
- Scalp massage
What hygiene practices are important for eye, ear, and nose care?
- Use a clean cloth and water for eye hygiene
- Clean hearing aids regularly
- Avoid inserting objects into the ear canal
What should be maintained in a patient’s room environment?
- Proper lighting
- Temperature
- Noise control
Why is bed making important in hygiene care?
Change linens regularly for cleanliness and comfort.
What should be ensured for safety in a patient’s room?
Keep pathways clear, ensure access to call lights.
What special considerations are there for patients with dementia?
Use calm, step-by-step guidance for hygiene.
What should be considered for obese patients in hygiene care?
Pay extra attention to skin folds to prevent infections.
What should be respected regarding cultural sensitivity in hygiene?
Respect individual hygiene practices.
What barriers to hygiene should be addressed?
Physical, emotional, and cognitive challenges.
What should be assessed for patient outcomes in hygiene care?
Improvement in skin integrity, oral health, comfort level.
What should be done if hygiene needs are unmet?
Adjust care plans.
What should be documented in hygiene care?
Record assessments, interventions, and patient responses accurately.
Why is documentation important in hygiene care?
Ensure legal and ethical compliance.
What are the Nurse’s roles and responsibilities in medication administration?
Nurses need to assess patient’s ability to self-administer medications, administer medications correctly, provide patient education, closely monitor patients, determine correct medication and time, and prevent medication errors.
What methods are used to educate patients about prescribed medication?
Discuss effectiveness, side effects, correct dosages, administration methods, conditions for taking medications, contraindications, and when to stop taking medications.
What factors should be considered when deciding routes of medication administration?
Age, liver function, surface area of the site, toxicity risks, sex, hormones, environmental factors, diet, and stomach acid pH.
How do age and liver function affect medication administration?
Elderly and infants have decreased metabolism function; patients with cirrhosis have impaired metabolism.
What is the importance of surface area in medication absorption?
The small intestine has a large surface area, which improves absorption.
What are the three checks and six rights of medication administration?
Right medication, right dose, right patient, right route, right time, right indication, right documentation.
What are the steps involved in the three checks of medication administration?
Check that the medication label matches the order (dose and route) 3 times, compare medication to chart 3 times, confirm patient name, DOB, and allergies.
What is essential for calculating prescribed doses correctly?
Dosage calculations and knowledge of the metric system.
What factors should be included in assessing a patient’s needs for and response to medication therapy?
Factors affecting medication therapy include patient history, current medications, and individual responses to treatment.
What is the primary purpose of medication administration?
To deliver therapeutic agents to patients for the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease.
True or False: Medication administration can only be performed by licensed healthcare professionals.
True
Fill in the blank: The ______ method of medication administration involves delivering medication directly into the bloodstream.
intravenous
What does the acronym ‘PRN’ stand for in medication administration?
‘As needed’
What is the first step in the medication administration process?
Verify the medication order.
Multiple Choice: Which route of administration is typically the fastest acting?
Intravenous
What is a major risk associated with medication administration?
Medication errors
True or False: The ‘Five Rights’ of medication administration include right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, and right time.
True
Short Answer: Name one key factor to assess before administering medication.
Patient allergies
What is the significance of the expiration date on medication?
It indicates the date until which the medication is guaranteed to be effective.
Fill in the blank: The ______ route of administration involves placing medication under the tongue.
sublingual
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a route of medication administration?
Inhaled aerosol
What is the purpose of medication reconciliation?
To ensure accurate and complete medication information during transitions in care.
True or False: It is acceptable to administer medication that has been prescribed for another patient.
False
Short Answer: What should you do if a patient refuses medication?
Document the refusal and inform the healthcare provider.
What is the role of a medication administration record (MAR)?
To document all medications administered to a patient.
Fill in the blank: Medications administered by ______ route are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
oral
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids?
Constipation
What is an adverse drug reaction?
An unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a medication.
True or False: All medications can be crushed for easier administration.
False
Short Answer: Name one method to confirm patient identity before administering medication.
Ask the patient to state their name and date of birth.
What should be done if a medication is missed?
Follow facility protocols and assess the timing and next dose.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the person legally responsible for the administration of medication.
nurse
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors can affect medication absorption?
Gastrointestinal pH
What is the importance of patient education in medication administration?
To ensure patients understand their medications and adhere to the prescribed regimen.
True or False: It is not necessary to monitor a patient after administering medication.
False
Short Answer: What should be included in a medication order?
Patient’s name, medication name, dose, route, and frequency.
