Chapter 4: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

Question 1

Theory based nursing practice

Answer 1

Helps to design and implement nursing intervention that address patient responses to health problems

Question 2

Theory is the foundation of

Answer 2

art and science of nursing

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

Helps explain an event by defining ideas or concepts, explaining relations among the concepts and predicting outcomes

Question 4

Nursing Theory

Answer 4

Conceptualizes an aspect of nursing to describe, explain, predict or prescribe nursing care.

Question 5

Phenomenon

Answer 5

A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question

Question 6

The Domain of Nursing includes

Answer 6

The practical and theoretical aspect of nursing
Knowledge of nursing practice
Nursing history
Nursing theory
Education
Research

Question 7

Nursing paradigm

Answer 7

A theory or a group of ideas about how something should be done, made or thought about.

Question 8

Nursing Paradigm links

Answer 8

What nursing is
What nursing does
Why nurse’s do what they do

Question 9

Nursing Metaparadigm

Answer 9

Identifies common areas of concern

Question 10

The paradigm of nursing includes the following four links

Answer 10

1. Person
2. Health
3. Environment
4. Nursing

Question 11

Nursing views the person

Answer 11

Holistically - compromised of physical, developmental, psycho-social, cultural and spiritual components

Question 12

Environment/Situation

Answer 12

Includes all possible conditions affecting patients and the settings in which their health care needs occur.

Question 13

Nursing theory is conceptualization of some aspects of nursing that

Answer 13

Describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care

Question 14

Self-Care Deficit Theory

Answer 14

Explains the factors within a patient’s living situation that support or interfere with his or her self care ability

Self care needs, deficits and abilities

Question 15

Nursing theories provide nursing school with

Answer 15

A perspective to view patient situations, a way to organize data and a method to analyze and interpret information

Question 16

Theories can be classified by

Answer 16

Levels of abstraction and goals of the theory

Question 17

Grand theories

Answer 17

Very abstract (how do nurse's learn to do nursing - benner's model)
DOES NOT provide guidance for specific nursing interventions.

Question 18

Mid-range theories

Answer 18

Less abstract: bridge the gap between grand theories and nursing practice (focus is on phenomenon such as caring, quality of life)

Question 19

Descriptive theories

Answer 19

Describes phenomenon such as grief or caring; speculate on why it occurs.
Do not direct nursing activities but help to explain patient assessments.

Question 20

Prescriptive theories

Answer 20

(Action oriented) identifies conditions or factors that predict phenomenon (such as grief or caring); includes the interventions and expected outcomes of care

Question 21

Practice theories

Answer 21

Aka “situation-specific” theories.

Narrow in scope, such as a specific patient population at a specific time

Question 22

The overall goal of nursing knowledge is to

Answer 22

Explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology and other health care disciplines.

Question 23

Shared theory

Answer 23

Explains a phenomenon specific to the discipline that develops it: Adult learning theory and Piaget’s Cognitive development

Question 24

The nursing process

Answer 24

(A systems theory) has a specific purpose or goals: to organize and deliver patient centered care.

Question 25

Maslow’s hierarchy

Answer 25

..

Question 26

Nightingale’s Theory

Answer 26

The focus of nursing is caring through the environment to restore a patient to health. Stressed importance of assessment.
Ex. Fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and adequate nutrition.

Question 27

Peplau’s Theory

Answer 27

Focused on mid-range theory of interpersonal relations between nurse, patient and the patient’s family.
Nursing is a significant, therapeutic and interpersonal process.

Question 28

According to Peplau, the following phases characterize the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship

Answer 28

Pre-orientation (data gathering)
Orientation (defining issue)
Working Phase (therapeutic activity)
Termination (termination of relationship)

Question 29

Orem’s Theory

Answer 29

Aka Self-care Deficit theory
Defined self-care as a learned, goal-oriented activity directed toward the self in the interest of maintaining life, health, development and well-being.

Question 30

Goal of self-care deficit theory is to

Answer 30

Increase the patient’s ability to independently meet their self-care needs.

Question 31

Leininger’s Theory

Answer 31

Human caring varies among cultures in expression, process and patterns.
Social structure factors such as religion, politics, culture and tradition are significant forces affecting care and influence the patient’s health and illness patterns

Question 32

Henderson’s Theory

Answer 32

Organized her theory into 14 basic needs (grand theory) of the whole person including: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual and developmental.

Question 33

Neuman’s Theory (Neuman’s Systems Model)

Answer 33

Is based on stress and the patient’s reaction to the stressor utilizing the nursing process.
Composed of 5 concepts that interact with each other: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, spiritual.
Focuses on all levels of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 34

Watsons’s Theory

Answer 34

Transpersonal caring: based on 10 curative factors.

Transpersonal caring between the nurse and patient facilitates the patient’s ability for self-healing.

Question 35

Benner’s Theory

Answer 35

Theory of skill acquisition:
Novice
Advance Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert

Question 36

Novice

Answer 36

No experience, rules, strict guidelines essential

Question 37

Advanced Beginner

Answer 37

Performing tasks independently however cannot think ahead/change course or prioritize

Question 38

Competent

Answer 38

Conscious deliberate planning, able to make ling range plans. Efficient, organized.

Question 39

Proficient

Answer 39

Can see beyond the moment, takes in the patient’s whole needs/care

Question 40

Expert

Answer 40

Intuitive grasp. No longer needs analysis or rules. Able to recognize patterns and quickly make decisions.

Question 41

The goals of theoretical knowledge

Answer 41

Stimulates thinking and creates a broad understanding of the “science” and practices of the nursing discipline

Question 42

Experiential Knowledge

Answer 42

This type of knowledge is the “art” of nursing.

Based on the nurse’s experience in providing care to patients.

Question 43

Experiential knowledge is achieved through

Answer 43

Personal knowledge gained through: reflection on care experiences, synthesis, and integration of the art and science of nursing

Question 44

Theory Generating Reseacrh

Answer 44

The investigator makes observations to view a phenomenon in a new way

Question 45

Theory testing research

Answer 45

Testing helps to develop the evidence for describing or predicting patient outcomes

Question 46

As an art, the nurse relies on

Answer 46

Knowledge gained from practice and reflection on past experience.

Question 47

As a science, nursing draws on

Answer 47

Scientifically tested knowledge applied in the practice setting