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NURS 305 > Chapter 25: Patient Teaching > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Patient Teaching Flashcards

1
Q

Factors influencing the importance of quality education

A
  • shorter hospital stays
  • increased demands on nurses’ time
  • increase in the number of chronically ill patients
  • need to give acutely ill patients meaningful information
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2
Q

Each states’ Nurse Practice Act recognizes ____________ as within the scope of nursing practice

A

patient teaching

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3
Q

___________ is an essential component of providing safe, patient-centered care

A

patient education

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4
Q

___________________________ helps reduce healthcare costs and hardships on individuals, families, and communities.

A

providing education about preventative health care

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5
Q

Education efforts should be patient-centered by considering what factors?

A
  • patient’s education and experience
  • their desire to actively participate in the process
  • their psychosocial, spiritual and cultural values
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6
Q

What are the three important purposes of education?

A
  1. Maintenance and Promotion of Health and Illness Prevention
  2. Restoration of Health
  3. Coping with Impaired Functions
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7
Q

Maintenance and Promotion of Health and Illness Prevention through patient education

A
  • promoting healthy behavior through education allows patients to assume more responsibility for their health care.
  • when pts are more health conscious, they are more likely to seek early diagnosis of health problems.
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8
Q

Restoration of Health through patient education

A
  • education helps to regain or maintain levels of health

- family caregivers often require as much education as patient

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9
Q

Coping with impaired functions through patient education

A
  • not all patients fully recover from illness or injury
  • the family’s ability to provide support results in part from education which begins as soon as you identify the patient’s needs and the family displays a willingness to help
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10
Q

Teaching

A

A conscious deliberate set of actions that help individuals gain new knowledge, change attitudes, adopt new behaviors, or perform new skills

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11
Q

Learning

A

purposeful acquisition of new knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and skills

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12
Q

Complex Patterns of Learning Include

A
  • learning new skills
  • changing existing attitudes
  • transferring learning to new situations
  • solving problems
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13
Q

Speak Up initiative includes

A
  • speak up if you have questions/concerns
  • educate yourself about your illness
  • pay attention to the care you get
  • ask a trusted family member/friend to be your advocate
  • know your medicines
  • participate in all decisions about your treatment
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14
Q

Learning Occurs in 3 Domains:

A
  1. Cognitive (understanding; QSEN=knowledge)
  2. Affective (QSEN=Attitudes)
  3. Psychomotor (QSEN=Motor Skills)
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15
Q

In cognitive learning, include all intellectual behaviors that requires thinking, such as:

A
  1. knowledge
  2. comprehension
  3. analysis
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16
Q

analysis

A

breaking down information into organized parts

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17
Q

Affective Learning

A

deals with expression of feelings and acceptance of attitudes, opinions or values.

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18
Q

Affective learning includes the following

A
  1. receiving: attention
  2. responding: active participation through listening, reacting verbally and nonverbally
  3. valuing: attaching worth to an object or behavior
  4. organizing: developing a value system, resolving conflicts
  5. characterizing: acting and responding with a consistent value system
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19
Q

Psychomotor Learning

A

Involves acquiring skills that require the integration of mental and muscular activity.

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20
Q

Psychomotor learning includes the following:

A
  1. perception
  2. set
  3. guided response
  4. mechanism
  5. complex overt response
  6. adaptation
  7. origination
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21
Q

Psychomotor Learning: Set

A

readiness to take a particular action (3 sets: mental, physical, emotional)

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22
Q

Psychomotor Learning: Guided Response

A

performance under the guidance of an instructor: involving imitation of a demonstration

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23
Q

Psychomotor Learning: Mechanism

A

gaining confidence in a skill that is more complex

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24
Q

Psychomotor Learning: Complex Overt Response

A

smoothly and accurately performing a motor skill

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25
Q

Psychomotor Learning: Origination

A

creating new movement patterns

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26
Q

Before beginning a teaching session, the nurse must always

A

assess what the patient knows about their illness first

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27
Q

What factors influence a person’s motivation?

A
  1. previous knowledge
  2. experience attitudes
  3. sociocultural factors
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28
Q

The ability to learn depends on what factors?

A
  1. physical and cognitive attributes
  2. developmental level
  3. physical wellness
  4. intellectual thought processes
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29
Q

People process information in the following ways

A
  1. seeing and hearing
  2. reflecting and acting
  3. reasoning logically and intuitively
  4. analyzing and visualizing
30
Q

Attention Set

A

physical discomfort, anxiety and environmental distractions influence the ability to pay attention (a mild level of anxiety motivates learning, however, a high level of anxiety prevents learning)

31
Q

Motivation

A

a force that causes a person to behave in a particular way

32
Q

Task motive

A

dosing and administering insulin for a newly diagnosed diabetic

33
Q

Physical motive

A

regaining physical normalcy for an amputee

34
Q

Social motive

A

parenting classes/techniques

35
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

people continuously attempt to control events that affect their lives. This allow them to attain desired outcomes and avoid undesired outcomes resulting in improved motivation.

36
Q

Self-efficacy

A

A person’s perceived ability to successfully complete a task. When people believe they are able to execute a particular behavior, they are more likely to perform the behavior consistently and correctly

37
Q

When nurses implement interventions to enhance self-efficacy, their patients frequently experience

A

positive outcomes
ex) a child learning how to use an inhaler for asthma (verbal persuasion, vicarious experience, enactive mastery experience, physiological & affective states).

38
Q

Psychosocial Adaptation to Illness: Stages of Grieving

A
  1. denial/disbelief
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. resolution
  5. acceptance
39
Q

active participation

A

learning occurs when the patient is actively involved in the educational session

40
Q

Adult Learning

A
  • are able to critically reflect on current situation
  • often able to identify their own learning needs
  • often become dependent in new learning situations
  • are ultimately responsible for changing their own behavior
  • setting mutual goals improves the outcomes of patient education
41
Q

The learn motor skills, a patient needs to possess

A

certain levels of strength, coordination and sensory acuity

42
Q

The following physical characteristics are necessary to learn psychomotor skills:

A
  1. size
  2. strength
  3. coordination
  4. sensory acuity
43
Q

Physical Characteristics necessary to learn psychomotor skills: Size

A

height and weight match the equipment to use (crutches)

44
Q

Physical Characteristics necessary to learn psychomotor skills: Strength

A

ability to follow a strenuous exercise program

45
Q

Physical Characteristics necessary to learn psychomotor skills: coordination

A

dexterity for complicated motor skills (using utensils, changing a bandage

46
Q

Physical Characteristics necessary to learn psychomotor skills: sensory acuity

A

senses needed to receive and respond to messages taught (visual, auditory tactile, gustatory and olfactory)

47
Q

Nursing Process vs Teaching Process

A

Nursing: requires assessment of all sources of data to determine patient’s total health care needs.

Teaching: focuses on patients learning needs and willingness and capability to learn

48
Q

When determining a patient’s motivation to learn, assess the following factors

A
  1. behavior
  2. health beliefs/sociocultural background
  3. perception of severity/benefits and barriers to treatment
  4. perceived ability to perform health behaviors
  5. desire to learn
  6. attitudes about health care providers
  7. learning style preference: visual, auditory, kinesthetic (hands-on)
49
Q

When assessing the ability to learn, assess the following factors

A 
physical strength
sensory deficits
patients reading level
patients developmental level
patients cognitive function
pain, fatigue, anxiety or other physical symptoms
50
Q

When assessing teaching environment, assess the following environmental factors

A

distractions or persistent noise
comfort of the room
room facilities and available equipment

51
Q

Resources for Learning

A

Willingness to have family involved.
Family’s perceptions and understanding of the illness.
Family’s willingness and ability to participate.
Resources: Financial and material.
Teaching tools-AV materials, brochures, printed materials.

52
Q

Health literacy

A

The cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health

53
Q

Health Literacy includes

A

Patients’ reading and mathematical skills
Comprehension
Ability to make health-related decisions
Successful functioning as a consumer of health care.

54
Q

Persons most likely to be at risk for low health literacy

A

The elderly (age 65yrs and older).
Minority populations.
Immigrant populations.
Persons of low income (approximately ½ of Medicare/Medicaid recipients read below the 5th grade level).
People with chronic mental and/or physical health conditions.

55
Q

Functional Illiteracy

A

The inability to read above the 5th grade level.

56
Q

Many Americans read and understand information that is

A

3-5 years below their last year of formal education.

57
Q

Nursing Diagnosis

A

Deficient Knowledge (Affective, Cognitive, Psychomotor)

Ineffective Health Maintenance

Readiness For Enhanced Health Management

Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management

Ineffective Self-health Management

Noncompliance With…Medication, Exercise Etc…

58
Q

Maintaining Attention and Participation

A

persons learn better when more than one of the senses is stimulate

59
Q

Building on existing knowledge

A

learning is more effective when information builds on a learner’s existing knowledge

60
Q

Incorporating Teaching with Nursing Care

A

explain as you go - “just-in-time teaching” “real-time teaching”

61
Q

Teaching Approaches

A

telling, participating, entrusting and reinforcing

62
Q

Teaching Approaches: Telling

A

When teaching limited information-preparing a patient for an emergent procedure. Little opportunity for feedback with this method.

63
Q

Teaching Approaches: Participating

A

Opportunity for discussion, feedback, mutual goal setting, and revision of the teaching plan.

64
Q

Teaching Approaches: Entrusting

A

Provides the patient the opportunity to manage self-care. The patient accepts responsibilities and performs tasks correctly and consistently

65
Q

Teaching Approaches: Reinforcing

A

A learner who receives reinforcement before or after a desired learning behavior is likely to repeat the behavior.
Feedback is a common form of reinforcement.

66
Q

Instructional Methods include

A

One-on-one Discussion
Group Instruction
Preparatory Instruction (for tests/procedures)
Demonstration (especially for psychomotor skills (return demonstration))
Analogies
Role Play
Simulation

67
Q

Take Special Consideration of what factors?

A

Health literacy
Disabilities
Cognitive capabilities: synthesis/analyze instructions
Stressors on the older adult

68
Q

When in the implementation phase, make sure to ..

A
  • create a safe, shame-free environment
  • utilize teaching tools
  • acknowledge cultural diversity: language, beliefs, values, customs
69
Q

Documentation for Patient Education

A
  • supports QI efforts

- meets TJC’s standards and promotes third party reimbursement

70
Q

Check tables and pages listed on powerpoint

A

….

NURS 305 (30 decks)

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