Chapter 4 Slides

Question 1

What is Self Concept?

Answer 1

The sense of who you are based on similarities and differences from others

Question 2

How is Self-concept subjective?

Answer 2

We each have our own perception of the unique collection of traits, talents, and experiences we posses

Question 3

How is Self Concept social?

Answer 3

It is only through interactions with others that we come to develop the shared understandings of these traits and the bases of the comparison through which we create our subjective self

Question 4

What is Personal Social Identity?

Answer 4

The range of traits you posses that emphasize the manner in which you see yourself as a unique individual on one end and those that underscore your membership in a group on the other end

Question 5

How does the nature position theorize how self developed?

Answer 5

Individuals genetics determine who they are and who they will become. Biology or nature has determined self and no amount of nurturance or environmental influence can change who someone is

Question 6

How does Nurture believe that self develops?

Answer 6

It believes an individuals en iron net determines who a person is

Question 7

What is Socialbiology?

Answer 7

The idea that social behavior comes from the basic biological needs of survival and reproduction of our genes

Question 8

What does Behaviourism believe?

Answer 8

Behavior is learned from the environment regardless of individual free will, that is, behaviourism denies free will

Question 9

How does biological theory see development?

Answer 9

Which sees development as a dynamic process of reciprocal interaction in which individuals play an important role in shaping the environment that they develop within

Question 10

What does the Bioecological approach allow for?

Answer 10

It holds space for human agency and considers how it can impact the ongoing process that is the development of selves

Question 11

How does George Herbert Mead see the development of self?

Answer 11

He breaks it into stages where individuals interact with the world and develop meanings for things

Question 12

What are the steps in George Herbert Mead’s conception of self?

Answer 12

1) Small children and babies are in a prep stage where they observe others and imitate them
2) Play stage where children start to to on others roles, like mommy, or shopper
3) Where older children can take into account numerous roles simultaneously. This represents the socialized self or someone who has developed the generalized other

Question 13

What were the two parts that mead broke the self into?

Answer 13

I and me

Question 14

What is the I according to mead?

Answer 14

The uninhibited and spontaneous, it hold the constellation of personality traits an individual recognizes as themselves and also their subconscious desires

Question 15

What is the me according to Mead?

Answer 15

The socialized self who knows about and complies with societal expectations

Question 16

What are the 3 stages of looking through the glass the Cooley developed?

Answer 16

1) Imagine how other people see us
2) imagine how those people judge us
3) incorporate the perceived judgements of those others into our sense of self

Question 17

What are people with a high looking-glass self orientation?

Answer 17

They are people who are more dependent on others perceptions of them and they tend to have less stable self concepts and poorer self esteem

Question 18

What is Socialization?

Answer 18

The lifelong process through which people learn about themselves, society, their various roles in society and in relation to one another

Question 19

What are Agents of Socialization?

Answer 19

Groups, social institutions, and or social settings that have the greatest amount of influence in the developing self

Question 20

Why are families the first agents of socialization?

Answer 20

Families protect and care for children when they are young and provide basic and initial socialization including teaching them language, how and what to eat, personal hygiene habits, and wider societal expectations of how to behave

Question 21

How does the structural functionalist perspective view family?

Answer 21

It views family as the site at which children learn to become contributing members of society, develop self esteem, and how they evaluate their own self worth

Question 22

How does conflict theory see family?

Answer 22

As the the site of disagreement and struggle in the context of power differentials

Question 23

What are Hegemonic values?

Answer 23

The ideas, values, practices of the dominant group of society at a given time

Question 24

What is a major function of peers?

Answer 24

They are a source of social comparison, that is evaluating yourself against others like you in terms of appearance, ability, etc

Question 25

Why is media not always a good thing?

Answer 25

Because it is not media is not a neutral entity and can be used to create propaganda

Question 26

What is Social Structure?

Answer 26

The framework of cultural elements and patterns in which social interactions take place

Question 27

What are the 4 main patterns in social structure?

Answer 27

Roles
Social groups
Social institutions
Statuses

Question 28

What is a Status?

Answer 28

Any recognized social position that exists independently of any given individual she may occupy it. Statuses always exist in relation to one another

Question 29

What is a Status set?

Answer 29

The sum total of all statuses held by a person at any given time

Question 30

What is a master Status?

Answer 30

A status that significantly overpowers other statuses

Question 31

What is a Role?

Answer 31

A behavioral expectation associated with a status. Ex. Status is a chef, role is him cooking food

Question 32

What is Role Conflict?

Answer 32

When there are incompatible role demands between statuses. Ex. When you are scheduled to work when you need to study for an exam

Question 33

What is Role Strain?

Answer 33

When there are incompatible demands within a single status. Ex. Students faced with 3 final exams and two term paper deadlines within the same week

Question 34

What is a social group?

Answer 34

Two or more people who share relevant cultural elements and interact with regular frequency. Ex. Teammates, coworkers, family members, classmates

Question 35

What are the 4 effects that social groups can have on individuals?

Answer 35

Social Facilitation
Social Loafing
Conformity
Group think

Question 36

What is Social Facilitation?

Answer 36

The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks but worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated

Question 37

What is Social Loafing?

Answer 37

The tendency to put in minimal effect on simple group tasks when individual performance cannot not be evaluated

Question 38

What is Conformity?

Answer 38

A form of social influence in which individuals change their behavior in order to adhere to group norms

Question 39

What is group think?

Answer 39

When members of a group favor consensus over rational decisions making, and produces poor even disastrous outcomes

Question 40

What are social institutions?

Answer 40

Relatively permanent societal structures that govern the behaviors of groups and promote social order

Question 41

What is Bureaucracy?

Answer 41

A formal organization model consisting of explicit chain of authority and set of procedures and protocols that guide the relationships and processes that exist within it

Question 42

What is the ideal type?

Answer 42

The way something should be, including a detailed breakdown of its features, but in reality the thing always falls short of the ideal type.

Question 43

What is Resocialization?

Answer 43

When a person ready ally alters their identity by dropping one status in exchange for a new one