Chapter 4 Slides Flashcards
What is Self Concept?
The sense of who you are based on similarities and differences from others
How is Self-concept subjective?
We each have our own perception of the unique collection of traits, talents, and experiences we posses
How is Self Concept social?
It is only through interactions with others that we come to develop the shared understandings of these traits and the bases of the comparison through which we create our subjective self
What is Personal Social Identity?
The range of traits you posses that emphasize the manner in which you see yourself as a unique individual on one end and those that underscore your membership in a group on the other end
How does the nature position theorize how self developed?
Individuals genetics determine who they are and who they will become. Biology or nature has determined self and no amount of nurturance or environmental influence can change who someone is
How does Nurture believe that self develops?
It believes an individuals en iron net determines who a person is
What is Socialbiology?
The idea that social behavior comes from the basic biological needs of survival and reproduction of our genes
What does Behaviourism believe?
Behavior is learned from the environment regardless of individual free will, that is, behaviourism denies free will
How does biological theory see development?
Which sees development as a dynamic process of reciprocal interaction in which individuals play an important role in shaping the environment that they develop within
What does the Bioecological approach allow for?
It holds space for human agency and considers how it can impact the ongoing process that is the development of selves
How does George Herbert Mead see the development of self?
He breaks it into stages where individuals interact with the world and develop meanings for things
What are the steps in George Herbert Mead’s conception of self?
1) Small children and babies are in a prep stage where they observe others and imitate them
2) Play stage where children start to to on others roles, like mommy, or shopper
3) Where older children can take into account numerous roles simultaneously. This represents the socialized self or someone who has developed the generalized other
What were the two parts that mead broke the self into?
I and me
What is the I according to mead?
The uninhibited and spontaneous, it hold the constellation of personality traits an individual recognizes as themselves and also their subconscious desires
What is the me according to Mead?
The socialized self who knows about and complies with societal expectations
What are the 3 stages of looking through the glass the Cooley developed?
1) Imagine how other people see us
2) imagine how those people judge us
3) incorporate the perceived judgements of those others into our sense of self
What are people with a high looking-glass self orientation?
They are people who are more dependent on others perceptions of them and they tend to have less stable self concepts and poorer self esteem
What is Socialization?
The lifelong process through which people learn about themselves, society, their various roles in society and in relation to one another
What are Agents of Socialization?
Groups, social institutions, and or social settings that have the greatest amount of influence in the developing self
Why are families the first agents of socialization?
Families protect and care for children when they are young and provide basic and initial socialization including teaching them language, how and what to eat, personal hygiene habits, and wider societal expectations of how to behave
How does the structural functionalist perspective view family?
It views family as the site at which children learn to become contributing members of society, develop self esteem, and how they evaluate their own self worth
How does conflict theory see family?
As the the site of disagreement and struggle in the context of power differentials
What are Hegemonic values?
The ideas, values, practices of the dominant group of society at a given time
What is a major function of peers?
They are a source of social comparison, that is evaluating yourself against others like you in terms of appearance, ability, etc
Why is media not always a good thing?
Because it is not media is not a neutral entity and can be used to create propaganda
What is Social Structure?
The framework of cultural elements and patterns in which social interactions take place
What are the 4 main patterns in social structure?
Roles
Social groups
Social institutions
Statuses
What is a Status?
Any recognized social position that exists independently of any given individual she may occupy it. Statuses always exist in relation to one another
What is a Status set?
The sum total of all statuses held by a person at any given time
What is a master Status?
A status that significantly overpowers other statuses
What is a Role?
A behavioral expectation associated with a status. Ex. Status is a chef, role is him cooking food
What is Role Conflict?
When there are incompatible role demands between statuses. Ex. When you are scheduled to work when you need to study for an exam
What is Role Strain?
When there are incompatible demands within a single status. Ex. Students faced with 3 final exams and two term paper deadlines within the same week
What is a social group?
Two or more people who share relevant cultural elements and interact with regular frequency. Ex. Teammates, coworkers, family members, classmates
What are the 4 effects that social groups can have on individuals?
Social Facilitation
Social Loafing
Conformity
Group think
What is Social Facilitation?
The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks but worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated
What is Social Loafing?
The tendency to put in minimal effect on simple group tasks when individual performance cannot not be evaluated
What is Conformity?
A form of social influence in which individuals change their behavior in order to adhere to group norms
What is group think?
When members of a group favor consensus over rational decisions making, and produces poor even disastrous outcomes
What are social institutions?
Relatively permanent societal structures that govern the behaviors of groups and promote social order
What is Bureaucracy?
A formal organization model consisting of explicit chain of authority and set of procedures and protocols that guide the relationships and processes that exist within it
What is the ideal type?
The way something should be, including a detailed breakdown of its features, but in reality the thing always falls short of the ideal type.
What is Resocialization?
When a person ready ally alters their identity by dropping one status in exchange for a new one
