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Sociology 100 > Chapter 2 Slides > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Slides Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the Sociological toolkit allow for?

A

The exercise of the Sociological imagination

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the Sociological Toolkit?

A

Critical Thinking
Sociological Theorizing
Empirical Research Methods

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3
Q

What are Empirical Research methods about?

A

Observation to enable the creation of knowledge

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4
Q

Why do we use research methods in Sociology?

A

To provide a systematic design for learning about real life issues that are too complex to be left to other ways of knowing and assumption

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5
Q

What is Commonsense knowledge based on?

A

Personal experiences

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6
Q

Why is Commonsense knowledge Partial?

A

Because of the biases inherent in social cognition and social perception that influential our own judgement

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7
Q

What are Empirical Methods used to produce?

A

Verifiable findings - findings that can be verified

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8
Q

Why is Sociology referred to as a Social Science?

A

Because it is producing scientific knowledge through empirical methods to enhance our knowledge of people and society

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9
Q

What is another name for Sociological Reasoning?

A

Thinking Sociologically

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10
Q

What does Sociological Reasoning combine?

A

Theory and Empirical methods

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11
Q

What is a Theory?

A

A set of principles of propositions intended to explain a fact or phenomenon

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12
Q

How are Theory and Research related?

A

They inform each other

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13
Q

How do Theories inform Research?

A

Theories can be tested and verified using scientific methods and can be developed out of research as an explanation for new findings

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14
Q

What is a building block of Theory?

A

Concept

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15
Q

What is Abstract?

A

A word or phrase to categorize a particular feature of the social world

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16
Q

What is Deduction?

A

The process of drawing a conclusion by accepting the truth of one or more premises or ideas

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17
Q

What is Deduction based on?

A

Theory because it typically concludes with generalizations based on research findings

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18
Q

What is another name for Top down?

A

Deduction

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19
Q

What is an example of Top down?s

A

Being presented with things in the world and applying theories to them to interpret what they mean

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20
Q

What is Induction?

A

The process of drawing a conclusion based on the observation of individual facts. It is data driven that begins with observation and ends in theory construction

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21
Q

What are the 5 main purposes of Sociology?

A

To explore, describe, explain, evaluate and empire a disadvantaged social group

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22
Q

What does Exploratory research do?

A

Delves unit a social phenomenon about which little is yet known

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23
Q

What does Descriptive research do?

A

Notes features and characteristics about a given social phenomenon

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24
Q

What does Explanatory research do?

A

Clarifies aspects of a social phenomenon to help us better understand what kind of effects it does or doesn’t have

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25
Q

What does Evaluation research do?

A

Analyzes the need or effectiveness of a social program

26
Q

What does Empowerment research seek to do?

A

Improve conditions of a social setting or group

27
Q

What are the two types of Empowerment Research?

A

Action Research and Participatory action Research

28
Q

What is the aim of Action Research?

A

Aimed at bringing about social change

29
Q

What is the first step to coming up with a Research project?

A

Come up with a question

30
Q

What is the second step to research?

A

Reviewing the literature to understand the existing knowledge on that topic

31
Q

What does it mean to Operationalize Variables?

A

Define your variables in a precise manner that is measurable ex. If doing a study on income, you can operationalize it by defining it as year,y dollars earned after taxes

32
Q

What is Reliability of variables?

A

Be sure that there is consistency of the measure for variable of interest

33
Q

What does Validity of a variable mean?

A

Asking if a measure is a good indicator of concept

34
Q

What is a Hypothesis?

A

A testable research statement that includes at least two variables

35
Q

What does the Data analysis stage ask?

A

What will you do with the data to come up with meaningful results or findings? Like compiling or organizing the data in certain ways

36
Q

What did the Nuremberg code address?

A

Basic standards of human research

37
Q

What are the principles of the tri-council agreement?

A

Respect for persons
Concern for welfare
Prioritization if justice

38
Q

What are the two primary arms of social science research?

A

Qualitative and Quantitative research

39
Q

What is Qualitative data aimed at?

A

Better understanding the nature of some phenomenon

40
Q

What is Quantitative data aimed at?

A

Testing hypothesis based in numerical data

41
Q

How do Experiments begin?

A

With a theory that is tested in a laboratory environment to determine how something affects something else

42
Q

Why are experiments advantageous?

A

They can test causality

43
Q

What can field experiments allow for?

A

More real circumstances but they can compromise the ability to claim causation

44
Q

What is a representative sample?

A

A survey that represents the population of interest in various demographic factors

45
Q

How are surveys flawed?

A

Respondents can lie or misunderstand questions

46
Q

What are interviews often used for?

A

Descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory purposes

47
Q

What are Standardized interviews?

A

Highly structured interviews that follow a set format of predetermined question with no additional questions or clarification allowed

48
Q

What are unstandardized interviews?

A

Interviews that have no set format and start with something like a single prompt and then conversation

49
Q

What is different about interviews?

A

They can elicit rich and nuanced data and build rapport but they require a good interviewer

50
Q

What is secondary data analysis?

A

Using someone else’s data to analyze it for different purposes

51
Q

What are the 3 ways of Secondary Data analysis?

A

Content analysis
Discourse analysis
Historical analysis

52
Q

What is content analysis?

A

A technique used to systematically examine messages contain in text or portrayed in images

53
Q

What is Discourse analysis?

A

Using multiple methods to critically examine the ways in which language is used to convey social constructions and discourse relations

54
Q

What is Historical Analysis?

A

The examination and interpretation of historical forms of data

55
Q

What are the upsides and downsides to secondary data analysis?

A

You don’t have to spend time or money collecting data however the data may not provide complete answers to the questions that you are asking

56
Q

What is Ethnography?

A

Generally involves different kinds of field work to understand how some group operates naturally, not in a lab. It may include going to live and spend time with gangs

57
Q

What does observation rely on?

A

The researchers ability to recognize their own subjectivity and how it operated in this space

58
Q

What are the two types of Observation?

A

Systemic and Participant

59
Q

What is a Single Case design?

A

Investigating some case if the thing you’re interested in in great detail

60
Q

What is a convergent design?

A

Both qualitative and quantitative, using mixed methods of research

Sociology 100 (14 decks)

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