Chapter 14 Slides

Question 1

What does Environmental Sociology look at?

Answer 1

The interrelationships between societal issues and environmental concerns, including things like the impact of human activity on the environment

Question 2

What are the 4 major factors that pose challenges for the environment?

Answer 2

Human Overpopulation
Industrialization
Urbanization
Overconsumption

Question 3

How does the text define Ecological Footprint?

Answer 3

An estimate for gauging the total area of land and water ecosystems a human population needs in order to produce resources it consumes and to assimilate its wastes

Question 4

What is Ecological Overshoot?

Answer 4

The idea that we’re using 1.6 earth and our growth is beyond earth capacity

Question 5

What does Malthus say about populations?

Answer 5

He says there are factors that limit population growth which act as population checks like disease, war, lack of food

Question 6

What is population growth impacted by?

Answer 6

Fertility (birth rate)
Mortality (death rate)
Migration (the number of people traveling into or out of nations to increase o decrease their populations respectively)

Question 7

What is Biocapacity?

Answer 7

The rate at which a given area can reproduce renewable resources and absorb its waste

Question 8

What does Demographic Transition theory argue?

Answer 8

As a result of modernization, societies eventually progress from being characterized by high fertility and mortality rates to being characterized by low fertility and mortality rates and has 4 stages

Question 9

What is Stage 1 of Demographic Transition Theory?

Answer 9

Pre industrial societies have economies entirely based on agriculture. They have high fertility rates and high infant mortality rates

Question 10

What is Stage 2 of Demographic Transition Theory?

Answer 10

Advances in industrialization improve crop cultivation, education and healthcare. Deaths go down

Question 11

What does stage 3 of Demographic Transition Theory see?

Answer 11

Further industrialization, and birth rates go down to join death rates

Question 12

What does stage 4 see in Demographic Transition Theory?

Answer 12

Birth rates continue to decline and death rates stabilize. These are characterized by high SES, good health, and equality

Question 13

What is Urban Sprawl?

Answer 13

The process by which growth necessities the conversion of natural land for human made uses

Question 14

What does urban spraw require!

Answer 14

The rapid conversion of natural land for human made uses

Question 15

What is Sustainability?

Answer 15

The use of natural resources at a rate on par with natural replenishment

Question 16

What is a Disposable Society?

Answer 16

Societies characterized by manufactured or short term use items that are then disposed of - stuff we make to use briefly then throw away

Question 17

What is Greenwashing?

Answer 17

When marketers claim their products are environmentally friendly

Question 18

What is the Sin of Hidden Trade off?

Answer 18

The product pays attention to some benefits of its greenness while ignoring other bad impacts of the product

Question 19

What is the sin of no proof?

Answer 19

The product claims something that is not proven like percentage of consumer waste in its packaging

Question 20

What is the sin vagueness?

Answer 20

The claim is so poorly defined or broad that it is readily misunderstood

Question 21

What is the Sin of irrelevance?

Answer 21

In this sin, the claim is truthful but unimportant

Question 22

What is the sin of lesser of two evils?

Answer 22

The claim involves a true claim that is kind of overshadowed by the broad harm the product causes anyways ex organic cigarettes

Question 23

What is the Sin of Fibbing?

Answer 23

Involves making false environmental claims. In this one a product may claim something that is a lie

Question 24

Sin of Worshipping false labels?

Answer 24

They hint they have an endorsement by a third party when they don’t. Ex putting a standard seal on that looks like one but isn’t to make people think the

Question 25

What was the first wave of environmentalism?

Answer 25

People were talking about pollution, resource depletion, and environmental disasters. Ex. Oil spills and energy over usage

Question 26

What was the second wave of environmentalism about?

Answer 26

People were concerned with human consumption and development. Specifically forestry, mining, fisheries and transport and how these contribute to greater environmental threat

Question 27

What was the first wave of environmentalism associated with?

Answer 27

Many bandaid solution like creating pump sprays rather than aerosol sprays that failed to address larger issues

Question 28

What is the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm (HEP)

Answer 28

The tendency to view nature as separate from human society and human are superior to other parts of nature and assumes technology is the solution to environmental problems

Question 29

What is HEP characterized by?

Answer 29

A human centered understanding of what is important

Question 30

What is the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP)

Answer 30

Discusses the interdependence between humans and the natural environment and that technology can’t solve all our problems and has unintended consequences

Question 31

What sofa the Ecological Modernization theory look at?

Answer 31

A functional approach to environmental sociology that argues we can all coexist and take responsibility for a healthy environment

Question 32

What is the Treadmill of Production?

Answer 32

A theoretical model that explains environmental issues as resulting from the incessant need to increase production and profit

Question 33

How is the Treadmill of Production a critical theory?

Answer 33

It observes that we just accumulate and is tied to a capitalist rationality