Chapter 3 Slides

Question 1

What can culture be constituted by?

Answer 1

Clothes, norms, ways of speak, values, food, lifestyle, art etc

Question 2

How does the text define culture?

Answer 2

The sum total of the social environment in which we are raised in and continue to be socialized throughout our lives

Question 3

What is the second definition of Culture?

Answer 3

The texts and practices in everyday life

Question 4

What is the general definition of culture?

Answer 4

All the ideas, customs, behaviors, and practices that happen out there outside of us that we also engage with, adopt, and often reproduce ourselves. Culture is something we are socialized into that continues throughout our whole lives

Question 5

What was the Postmodern Perspective again?

Answer 5

Rapid changes from manufacturing products to meet basic needs to focus on the production of ideas and images

Question 6

What are Cultural Universals?

Answer 6

The idea that we have to meet the same basic needs of securing food, clothing, shelter, communication, familial structures, developing and using tools, developing ways to express ourselves

Question 7

What is Material?

Answer 7

Physical matter

Question 8

What is Nonmaterial?

Answer 8

Things without physical form, like ideas

Question 9

What is Material Culture?

Answer 9

Tangible or physical items that people have created for use and give meaning to in a given culture (pens, paper)

Question 10

What is Nonmaterial culture?

Answer 10

Intangibles produced by intellectual or spiritual development; also the use of artifacts in a given culture (capitalism, feminism, family)

Question 11

What three ways does Culture shape understanding?

Answer 11

Language
Norms
Values

Question 12

What is Language?

Answer 12

A shared system of communication that included spoken, written, and signed forms of speech as a well as non-verbal gestures to convey meaning. This includes verbal speech, written language, sign language, and body language

Question 13

What are Norms?

Answer 13

Society’s expectations for how we are supposed to act, think, and look

Question 14

What are Values?

Answer 14

Collectively shared criteria by which we determine whether something is right wrong or good or bad

Question 15

What is Culture Shock?

Answer 15

A sense of disorientation and confusion that results when placed in unfamiliar surroundings where objects, practices languages and rules are new and unknown

Question 16

Why is Language important?

Answer 16

It allows us to engage with one another and with ideas. It lets us express ourselves, it allows for transmission of knowledge over time through documents or oral information

Question 17

What is a Mother tongue?

Answer 17

The first language learned at home in childhood that is still understood by an individual

Question 18

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis describe?

Answer 18

The idea that language shapes reality for those experiencing it

Question 19

What are the two principles involved in the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Answer 19

Linguistic Determination and Linguistic Relativism

Question 20

What is Linguistic Determination?

Answer 20

The idea that language shapes how we think about things

Question 21

What is Linguistic Relativism?

Answer 21

The idea that language has a particular meaning within the given culture in which it occurs

Question 22

What are Folkways?

Answer 22

Informal Norms based on accepted traditions (for example holding the door open or joining a line)

Question 23

What are Mores?

Answer 23

Institutionalized norms embedded in laws used to help maintain social control (for example theft and vandalism)

Question 24

What are Taboos?

Answer 24

Mores that are considered wrong in and of themselves (for example incest, murder and rape)

Question 25

What are Prescriptive norms?

Answer 25

Things that you should be doing like studying study for exam or covering your mouth when you sneeze

Question 26

What are Proscriptive norms?

Answer 26

Things you should no be doing like cheating on exams, talking with your mouth full, touching strangers

Question 27

How are values and norms related?

Answer 27

Values reflect group ideas and norms are those ideas translated into expectations about both how people should act

Question 28

Who are the two important functionalists?

Answer 28

Durkheim and Parsons

Question 29

How does Durkheim see norms?

Answer 29

Social facts which are observable social phenomena outside of people that exercise power over them. He says they’re internalized so people follow them without thinking

Question 30

How does Parsons discuss norms?

Answer 30

He says the norms and values come together within social institutions like families, schools, governments, etc. to keep society running

Question 31

What does a functionalist perspective on family look like?

Answer 31

The division of labour based on gender

Question 32

What is the conflict perspective focused on?

Answer 32

Power and emancipation, and that idea that society is characterized by conflict over scarce resources

Question 33

How are Norms related to the the Conflict perspective?

Answer 33

This perspective can be used to point out the break we can often see between cultural values and norms. We might say we value one thing but if the policies that would follow from that value would threaten our hold over the resources we have we may be less likely to support them in practice

Question 34

What is Ideal Culture?

Answer 34

The Values that the majority of us hold

Question 35

What is Real Culture?

Answer 35

The practices that the majority of us engage in reality

Question 36

Why is there a gap between Ideal and Real culture?

Answer 36

Contemporary practices may clash with traditional beliefs and Cultural Relevatism

Question 37

What is Cultural Relativism?

Answer 37

An ability to understand another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent meaningful design for living. Basically the belief that one cultures beliefs are superior and should be used as a standard

Question 38

What are Subcultures?

Answer 38

Groups that can be differentiated from mainstream (that is, the predominate) culture by their divergent traits involving language, norms, beliefs, and or values

Question 39

What are counter cultures?

Answer 39

Cultures that are not just identifiable by their different traits but by their direct opposition to some core aspects of mainstream culture. They are against mainstream culture like hippies

Question 40

What is High Culture?

Answer 40

Defined as those practices of the social elite

Question 41

What is Mass Culture?

Answer 41

Material products produced by the capitalist to exploit the masses

Question 42

How does Fiske use the term Popular Culture?

Answer 42

Intangible components of culture experienced by the masses

Question 43

What are Culture Omnivores?

Answer 43

People of high social standing who enjoy both high culture and non-elite culture