Chapter 10 Slides Flashcards
What are Religion, Science and education in a position to do?
They are in a position to decide what is true and then disseminate this knowledge to the population
What are Beleifs?
Things we accept as true, regardless of whether it objectively is or not
What are Beleif Systems?
Sets of interconnected beliefs that are shared among given groups of people
What are the 3 Components of Belief systems?
1) They include claims about the nature of reality
2) Include ethical and moral claims
3) Use technology or technologies to obtain or use knowledge
What is Religion?
A United system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things
What is Religiousity?
A measure of religious affirmation, attendance, and participation
What is Bridging Capital?
Resources accumulated from the group that can be used outside the group
What is Bonding Capital?
Resources in the form of community feelings of belonging
What are the positive impacts of Religiousity?
Less depression
Better health
What are the Negative impacts of Religiousity?
Social inequality
Religious conflict
Violence
War
What are the two ways that sociologists can approach religion?
Substantive approaches and Functional Approaches
What do Substantive approaches focus on?
The meanings that exist within the religions themselves and how those meanings are understood and taken up by followers of that religion in the daily lives
What does Functional approaches emphasize?
The social aspects of religion, thinking about the functions they serve and what the implications of those are for people and for society
What does Durkheim argue about religion and socialogy?
Religion increases social solidarity through a collective conscience and collective effervescence
What is Collective conscience?
The unified body of cultural knowledge that is transmitted in group religious rituals
What is a Collective effervescence?
A euphoria that enables people to transcend the challenges of everyday life that emerged from group rituals
What er mechanical societies?
Societies United by sameness
What are Organic societies?
Societies which are United by interdependence on each other because everyone performs specialized functions
Why does Durkheim think religion is a major unifier?
Because it’s a space for everyone to practice and solidify their sameness. In organic societies this can be carries out by other institutions like school
What is the conflict perspective of religion?
The working class escape the terribleness of their lives into religion but religion prevents them from seeing the inequalities that make their lives so terrible
How does Weber argue capitalism came to be?
Not through new technology or financial investments but capitalism became through religion
How does Marx say economic structures came to be?
Changing economic structures lead to changes in thought
What does Weber say about economic structures?
Changes in thought happen first then changes in thought lead to structural change
What is Predestination in Protestism?
What was going to happen to your soul in the afterlife has already been decided
What do Revisionists suggest?
That people’s interpretations of religion that have created sexual inequality are wrong and that if religious texts are read properly you can find that they emphasize equality
What do reformists say?
Sexism that is present in texts and practices and argue for the removal of these elements and for emphasizing equality and incorporating more female friendly language and symbols
What did Rejectionists say about religion?
All of the major religions are sexist and inherently argue to drop all of the, and adopt a more female centered spirituality like goddess worship
What is Postmodernist all about again?
The world is exploding with meaning and varying meaning on meaning without any broad over arching single theory
What does Postmodernism feel about religion?
It points to the wide array of religious forms to see the wide variety of ways religion can be practiced and then multiplies these further by pointing to individuality of each person experience and practice of religion
Why does Science have norms?
Because it is self governing and based on objectivity
What are the Norms of Science?
Communism
Universalism
Disinterested
Skepticism
What does the Communism norm of science say?
Scientific knowledge is to be freely shared. There are challenges to this norm like for profit journals also sometimes it’s not written in language that everyone can understand
What does the Norm of universalism say?
Scientific knowledge is to be free of social biases. However this int necessarily possible because bias sneaks its way in
What does the Norm of Disinterestedness stay?
Science is yo be conducted in pursuit of truth, rather than for personal vested interest. Like pharmaceutical companies can’t vouch for the safety of their own products
What is the Norm of Skepticism?
New claims must be subjected to rigorous scrutiny before being accepted
What do the POMO and feminist have in common about science?
They operate from this place of understanding that knowledge is socially constructed
What does Foucault say about knowledge and power?
Those with power are in the positions to have knowledge they observe as being legitimate knowledge
What does Independence perspective say about religion and science?
Proponents of independence believe that these are totally separate things, independent of each other and so can co exist independently
What does the Conflict perspective say about religion and science?
Accepting one means rejecting the other and they are mutually exclusive
What does the Dialogue perspective say about Religion and Science?
Meaningful conversation about the nature of existence can occur between the two (they can be considered together along side one another)
What does the Integration perspective say about science and religion?
Both bodies of knowledge can be combined in some ways
What is Education?
A formal institution that systematically instills much of the knowledge that is needed to function as productive adults in society
What does Functionalists say about Education?
It has Manifest and Latent functions
What are the Manifest functions of Education?
Skill and knowledge development; historical and cultural transmission; social development; social control
What are the Latent functions of education?
Things that school do that helps the community run smoothly like daycare, supervision, matchmaking, and networking
What do Critical theories on Education focus on?
Engaged ideas like the hidden curriculum, and streaming?
What is streaming?
A process whereby students are placed into programs or levels of curriculum based on perceived levels of achievement. Students at various stages in the education system can be directed into different education streams (such as those who have learning disabilities or those that are determined to be exceptional and go into IB or AP classes). Some students may be directed towards things like specific vocational training versus others being directed to higher level learning like university
