Chapter 4 Reviewing the Scholarly Literature Flashcards

Midterm

1
Q

Explanation

A

The satisfaction of curiosity by successfully clarifying how or why an event occurred.

(Page 81)

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2
Q

Unit of Analysis

A

The object of a study’s interest.

Page 81

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3
Q

Case

A

A specific object to which evidence refers.

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4
Q

Unit of Observation

A

The kinds of objects from which evidence is collected.

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5
Q

Individual Data

A

Evidence gathered about cases that are specific individuals.

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6
Q

Aggerate Data

A

Evidence gathered about cases that are collections of individuals.

(Page 82)

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7
Q

Social Artifact

A

Any product of human activity.

Page 83

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8
Q

Ecological Fallacy

A

The reasoning error that occurs when conclusions about individuals are based solely on group observations.

(Page 86)

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9
Q

Exception Fallacy

A

The reasoning error that occurs when conclusions about aggregates are drawn from individual cases.

(Page 87)

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10
Q

Causes

A

The mechanisms or reasons leading to an outcome.

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11
Q

Correlation

A

Empirical evidence that a change in ones variable is systematically identified with a change in another (association).

(Page 88)

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12
Q

Control Variable

A

A variable identifying the context for the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

(Page 89)

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13
Q

Necessary Condition

A

A condition that must be present for a specific outcome to occur.

(Page 91)

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14
Q

Sufficient Condition

A

A condition that, when present, produces a specific outcome.

Page 92

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15
Q

Analytic Induction

A

A process for understanding events that relies on grounding concepts in empirical observation and progressively sharpening them through iteration.

(Page 94)

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16
Q

Cross-Sectional Study

A

A study based on observations representing a single point in time.

(Page 95)

17
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

A study design involving the collection of data at different points in time.

(Page 96)

18
Q

Trend Study

A

A study of longitudinal study in which a given characteristic of some population is monitored over time.

(Page 96)

19
Q

Cohort Study

A

A study in which a given characteristic of some population is monitored over time.

(Page 97)

20
Q

Panel Study

A

A type of longitudinal study in which data are collected from the same set of people (the sample or panel) at several points in time.

(Page 98)

21
Q

Panel Attrition

A

The increase in participants’ nonresponsiveness over time that reduces the accuracy of longitudinal changes.

(Page 99)