Chapter 4 Reviewing the Scholarly Literature Flashcards
Midterm
Explanation
The satisfaction of curiosity by successfully clarifying how or why an event occurred.
(Page 81)
Unit of Analysis
The object of a study’s interest.
Page 81
Case
A specific object to which evidence refers.
Page 81
Unit of Observation
The kinds of objects from which evidence is collected.
Page 81
Individual Data
Evidence gathered about cases that are specific individuals.
Page 82
Aggerate Data
Evidence gathered about cases that are collections of individuals.
(Page 82)
Social Artifact
Any product of human activity.
Page 83
Ecological Fallacy
The reasoning error that occurs when conclusions about individuals are based solely on group observations.
(Page 86)
Exception Fallacy
The reasoning error that occurs when conclusions about aggregates are drawn from individual cases.
(Page 87)
Causes
The mechanisms or reasons leading to an outcome.
Page 87
Correlation
Empirical evidence that a change in ones variable is systematically identified with a change in another (association).
(Page 88)
Control Variable
A variable identifying the context for the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
(Page 89)
Necessary Condition
A condition that must be present for a specific outcome to occur.
(Page 91)
Sufficient Condition
A condition that, when present, produces a specific outcome.
Page 92
Analytic Induction
A process for understanding events that relies on grounding concepts in empirical observation and progressively sharpening them through iteration.
(Page 94)
Cross-Sectional Study
A study based on observations representing a single point in time.
(Page 95)
Longitudinal Study
A study design involving the collection of data at different points in time.
(Page 96)
Trend Study
A study of longitudinal study in which a given characteristic of some population is monitored over time.
(Page 96)
Cohort Study
A study in which a given characteristic of some population is monitored over time.
(Page 97)
Panel Study
A type of longitudinal study in which data are collected from the same set of people (the sample or panel) at several points in time.
(Page 98)
Panel Attrition
The increase in participants’ nonresponsiveness over time that reduces the accuracy of longitudinal changes.
(Page 99)
