Chapter 4- Police Administration Flashcards
Politics and Police Administration
Mapp v Ohio (1961)
banned the use of illegally seized evidence in criminal cases in the states by applying the 4th Amendment- unreasonable search and seizure
Gideon v Wainright (1963)
affirmed that equal protection under the 4th amendment requires that equal protection that legal counsel be appointed for all indigent defendants
Escobedo v Illinois (1964)
A suspect is entitled to confer with an attorney as soon as the focus of the police investigation of the suspect shifts from investigatory to accusatory
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
requires police officers before questioning suspects to inform them of their constitutional rights to remain silent, rights to the attorney, and one can be appointed if the suspect is unable to afford one
Three different styles of law enforcement (James Q. Wilson):
1- watchman emphasizes maintenance of order found in economically declining cities
2-legalistic- style of law enforcement found in cities with heterogeneous population and reform0oriented
3-service- in the homogeneous suburban communities service style oriented towards the needs of the citizens
Legally defined roles of city councils:
Act as the chief legislative and policymaking body
Tasks and roles of sheriff’s departments and police departments were historically different but have become similar in recent years:
Past: Sheriff’s department functions ahem been regulated to jurisdictions of sparse populations that cannot support municipal police agencies.
Elected, instead of appointment counterpart police chiefs
Custodial roles
Changed are World War II, when populations expanded into rural areas that eventually became the suburbs.
Explain how the state prosecutor’s policies and procedures can have an observable effect on police practices and procedures:
Police chiefs who perceive that the prosecutor consistently reduces or fails to vigorously enforce certain types of violations may very likely divert their enforcement efforts and resources elsewhere
Discuss the ways in which judiciary impacts police practices:
If judges consistently interject their personal biases into the judicial process and make it very clear to the police they will dismiss certain categories of violations, the police may discontinue enforcing the law.
Understand the difference between the four existing forms of citizen oversight agencies:
Type 1: citizens investigate allegations of misconduct and recommended findings to chief or sheriff
Type 2: police officers investigate allegations and develop findings; citizen review and recommend that the chief or sheriff approve or reject findings
Type 3: complainants may appeal findings established by police or sheriff’s department to citizens who review them and then recommend their own findings to the chief or sheriff.
Type 4: an auditor investigates the process by which the police or sheriff’s department accepts and investigates the complaints and reports on the thoroughness and fairness of the department and the public
Reasons for friction between the news media and law enforcement:
Police do not want to release information that will jeopardize the safety of the public or officers, impair the right of a suspect to a fair or impartial trial, or impede the process of an investigation.
Media duty simply to inform the public.
Advantages of police officers wearing body cameras that are cited by police administrators?
Valuable evidence in court and provide a clear and objective image of exactly what actions transpired between their officers and individuals who may be taken into custody.
Deter officers who might be included to engage in misconduct.
Discourage citizens from making false allegations
Define racial profiling:
making the decision to stop an individual because of race or ethnicity.
Discuss the two major concerns state and local law enforcement administrators have in becoming involved in immigration enforcement:
Relationship with the immigrant community in their jurisdiction and could lead immigrants to become reluctant to report crimes or cooperate with officers in investigating incident.
Chiefs and sheriffs have expressed concerns about the additional numbers of personnel it would take for these federal immigration laws to be enforced in their local communities.
