Chapter 2

Question 1

What are some police agencies doing to gain what is termed as “new professionalism”?

Answer 1

Stricter accountability in terms of their effectiveness and conduct, while also increasing their legitimacy in the eyes of those they serve and to encourage continuous innovation in police practices.

1. Accountability
2. Legitimacy
3. Innovation
4. National Coherence

Question 2

How do a “guardian” and “warrior” mentality differ with regard to policing?

Answer 2

“Warrior” seen as a solider- recent killings and violence by police

“Guardian”- new type of police professionalism and legitimacy

Question 3

Explain what is meant by community, including the roles that cohesion, social capital, and volunteerism play in it.

Community cohesion:
Sense of community:
Social capital:
Volunteerism:

Answer 3

Community cohesion: 1. people in the community share common values, respect each other, and have a common identity 2. people in the community share goals and responsibilities and are willing to work with others

Sense of community: principle of community policing- identifying and addressing issues of neighborhood crime and disorder to prevent victimization and fear of crime.

Social capital: having members of a community who are bonded together, looking out for one another, and willing to engage in collective action when threatened. (Informal assumption of responsibility to take care of one another as well as to enforce informal rules of conduct)

Volunteerism: valuable assistance to police and are used for a variety of tasks, such as traffic control and enforcement, looking for missing persons, code enforcement, and victim services (also included Citizen Police Academy, Chaplin, etc)

Question 4

How has the recent Great Recession affected policing in general? Community policing in specific?

Answer 4

1. Budget cuts since the recession of 2007-2009. Lay off officers, make other personnel cuts, or leave various jobs unfilled. Some departments have explored the ideas of combining or regionalizing police service.

In terms of community policing, we couldn’t utilize “broken windows theory”. Couldn’t take care of the low level crimes to prevent larger crimes.

2. Changes to jail:
   -Save money on medical expenses- treating patients inside the jail instead of transferring to external facilities, switching from name brand medications to generic ones, privatizes the medical services that they provide in jails.
   -Reduce use of traditional incarceration by expanding house arrest
3. Expansion of use of technologies, to increase efficiency. Ex: Traffic cameras, public surveillance systems, GPS systems, and license plate scanners. Assisted with identifying “hot spot” areas to predict specific times and places where crime is likely to occur.

Question 5

Describe what community policing is and is not and compare the ways in which community policing differs from traditional policing.

Answer 5

Community policing: foundation is a belief that policing is much more than law enforcement and making arrests.

Traditional policing: relies heavily on the use of arrests for addressing crime

Question 6

How do beat meetings and citizens police academies function, and serve to foster better police community relations?

Answer 6

Beat meetings: allow beat residents, other community stallholders, and police to sic chronic problems on the beat and to engage in problem solving using the community policing and problem solving process

Police academies: core of community policing efforts. Create more informed citizens, debunk misconceptions about law enforcement, and open lines of communication between two camps.

Question 7

How can civilian review boards help policing? What are some arguments against them?

Answer 7

Used in order to involve citizens in investigating and overseeing police activities- approach to police accountability.

Arguments- boards are often politicized and unfair to law enforcement

Question 8

How are courts and corrections agencies connecting with citizens?

Answer 8

Community justice- citizen involvement in courts and corrections agencies has come a long way in recent years- this involvement is known as community justice and has inspired innovative programming among court systems, prosecutor and defensive offices, and correction departments

Question 9

Restorative justice

Answer 9

Part of community justice-Restorative justice is: 1. repairing harm (first taking care of the victim who suffered the harm prior to trying to help the offender become a better citizen), 2. reducing risk (managing the offender in such a way that he or she will not commit another crime), and 3. building community (taking responsibility for the behaviors of the community members and becoming involved in the resolution process, not just turning crime over to government to be dealt with.