Chapter 4; Physiological Needs Flashcards
Psychological drive
Conscious byproduct of a physiological need that allows for homeostatic following compensatory behavior
Homeostasis is maintained though
Psychological drives that Ellicott behavior via negative feedback loops.
Elements of negative feedback
System variable( temp ) , set point ( ideal temp ) , detector ( thermostat) correctional mechanism ( electric heater). Hear turns of heater : negatuve feedback . Physiological drive activates compensatory mechanism but there needs to be moving away from compensatory mechanism though negatuve feedback
Regulation fundaments
Multiple inputs cause drive and or outputs can lead to reduction of drive.
Antecedents do _________ predict behaviors
Not directly
Intraorganismic systems
Biological regulatory systems that activate, maintain and terminate biological needs underlying drives and are brain, endocrine system and bodily organs
Extraorganismic mechanisms
Environmental influences that active mantain and terminate psychological drive. Cognitive, environmental, social and cultural factors.
Osmometric thirst regulation
Intercellular fluid looses water to high solute concentration extracellular, leads to activation of omometric receptors sending signals to lamia terminalis and anterior cingulate ungilate cortex . Brain scans show lamina terminalis stays while ACC goes saying thirst lasts longer and is from ACC but 20 mins for cells fluid levels to return tibjyoisrasur
Volumetric thirst
Dete Tor cells in heart and kidneys detect low plasma level, leads to angiotensin formation from renin to angiotensin and release of vasopressin.
Stretch sendituve cells ( baroreceptors )in heart atria detect when blood bol in heart falls
Satiety in thirst
Monitors the compensatory mechanism ( thirst ) not the detectors ( lamina terminalis ,).
Environmental influences in drinking
Incentive properties show small changes to water spur salt bitter or sweet positive at low levels but higher quicker move to negative ( bitter salt ) or positive ( sweet) and increase drinking. Beverages are consumed for attractive incentive, cultural idea to drink 8 go pass water a day, non thirst related attraction or addiction to water ( caffeine).
Which physiological need is more regulated by extraorganismic mechanism ?
Sex
The major negative feedback system that requlates and lessens the experience of thirst and inhibits drinking is
Cells, mouth, stomach
The most important environmental influence on drinking behavior is
Taste
Without water replenishment the typical human will die in about
3 days
Glucostatic hypothesis
When body weight drips below it’s in-born homeostasis balance, then increased hunger and increased eating behavior become more probable
Hunger modes
Glucostatic model
Lipogenic model
Set point theory
Restraint release hypothesis
Environmental factors
Blood
plasma level
Fat cell number and size
Fat cell content
Lost intraorganismic cues then binging ( also depression )
Flavors offered, obese friends, social cibtexts, eating with others
Restraint release
Alcohol, anxiety, depression
What’s true of sex
Images and fantasies are potent sex stimuli. Sex motives are mostly environmentally regulated. Sight smell touch and emotional intamcy of sex partner are strongest cues to sex motivation .
Features of face attractive
Males sexual maturity thick eyebrows chin
Female : neonatal
Why people fail to self regulate
- They get distracted or overwhelmed
- They lack standards of how to behave
- When not experiencing biological urges people underestimate how powerful these urges can be
What physiological drives relate to hunger
Short term homeostatic models, long terms metabolism and genetically nalanced models and sociocultural models
What voluntary behaviors can be used for weight loss
Self regulation of food intake, mindfulness of environment and exercuse
Sex and hormones
Traditionally during ovulation in cyclic activations in animals. Influencee but not determined by hormones in men. Men’s psychological sex desire correlated highly with arousal culminating in orgasm. In women correlation lower, can’t be explained by physiological needs or desire, but related to intamacy and sex lead to enhanced intamacy. Stimulates brain reward circuitry, as hypothalamus releases oxytocin. Males monogamous and comittment ( love hormone) increase trust and decrease fear.
Facial metrics
Judgements of attractiveness of facial characteristics : neonatal, sex maturity and expressive features ,( positive emotions)
