Chapter 4; Physiological Needs

Question 1

Psychological drive

Answer 1

Conscious byproduct of a physiological need that allows for homeostatic following compensatory behavior

Question 2

Homeostasis is maintained though

Answer 2

Psychological drives that Ellicott behavior via negative feedback loops.

Question 3

Elements of negative feedback

Answer 3

System variable( temp ) , set point ( ideal temp ) , detector ( thermostat) correctional mechanism ( electric heater). Hear turns of heater : negatuve feedback . Physiological drive activates compensatory mechanism but there needs to be moving away from compensatory mechanism though negatuve feedback

Question 4

Regulation fundaments

Answer 4

Multiple inputs cause drive and or outputs can lead to reduction of drive.

Question 5

Antecedents do _________ predict behaviors

Answer 5

Not directly

Question 6

Intraorganismic systems

Answer 6

Biological regulatory systems that activate, maintain and terminate biological needs underlying drives and are brain, endocrine system and bodily organs

Question 7

Extraorganismic mechanisms

Answer 7

Environmental influences that active mantain and terminate psychological drive. Cognitive, environmental, social and cultural factors.

Question 8

Osmometric thirst regulation

Answer 8

Intercellular fluid looses water to high solute concentration extracellular, leads to activation of omometric receptors sending signals to lamia terminalis and anterior cingulate ungilate cortex . Brain scans show lamina terminalis stays while ACC goes saying thirst lasts longer and is from ACC but 20 mins for cells fluid levels to return tibjyoisrasur

Question 9

Volumetric thirst

Answer 9

Dete Tor cells in heart and kidneys detect low plasma level, leads to angiotensin formation from renin to angiotensin and release of vasopressin.

Stretch sendituve cells ( baroreceptors )in heart atria detect when blood bol in heart falls

Question 10

Satiety in thirst

Answer 10

Monitors the compensatory mechanism ( thirst ) not the detectors ( lamina terminalis ,).

Question 11

Environmental influences in drinking

Answer 11

Incentive properties show small changes to water spur salt bitter or sweet positive at low levels but higher quicker move to negative ( bitter salt ) or positive ( sweet) and increase drinking. Beverages are consumed for attractive incentive, cultural idea to drink 8 go pass water a day, non thirst related attraction or addiction to water ( caffeine).

Question 12

Which physiological need is more regulated by extraorganismic mechanism ?

Answer 12

Sex

Question 13

The major negative feedback system that requlates and lessens the experience of thirst and inhibits drinking is

Answer 13

Cells, mouth, stomach

Question 14

The most important environmental influence on drinking behavior is

Answer 14

Taste

Question 15

Without water replenishment the typical human will die in about

Answer 15

3 days

Question 16

Glucostatic hypothesis

Answer 16

When body weight drips below it’s in-born homeostasis balance, then increased hunger and increased eating behavior become more probable

Question 17

Hunger modes
Glucostatic model
Lipogenic model
Set point theory
Restraint release hypothesis
Environmental factors

Answer 17

Blood
plasma level
Fat cell number and size
Fat cell content
Lost intraorganismic cues then binging ( also depression )
Flavors offered, obese friends, social cibtexts, eating with others

Question 18

Restraint release

Answer 18

Alcohol, anxiety, depression

Question 19

What’s true of sex

Answer 19

Images and fantasies are potent sex stimuli. Sex motives are mostly environmentally regulated. Sight smell touch and emotional intamcy of sex partner are strongest cues to sex motivation .

Question 20

Features of face attractive

Answer 20

Males sexual maturity thick eyebrows chin
Female : neonatal

Question 21

Why people fail to self regulate

Answer 21

1. They get distracted or overwhelmed
2. They lack standards of how to behave
3. When not experiencing biological urges people underestimate how powerful these urges can be

Question 22

What physiological drives relate to hunger

Answer 22

Short term homeostatic models, long terms metabolism and genetically nalanced models and sociocultural models

Question 23

What voluntary behaviors can be used for weight loss

Answer 23

Self regulation of food intake, mindfulness of environment and exercuse

Question 24

Sex and hormones

Answer 24

Traditionally during ovulation in cyclic activations in animals. Influencee but not determined by hormones in men. Men’s psychological sex desire correlated highly with arousal culminating in orgasm. In women correlation lower, can’t be explained by physiological needs or desire, but related to intamacy and sex lead to enhanced intamacy. Stimulates brain reward circuitry, as hypothalamus releases oxytocin. Males monogamous and comittment ( love hormone) increase trust and decrease fear.

Question 25

Facial metrics

Answer 25

Judgements of attractiveness of facial characteristics : neonatal, sex maturity and expressive features ,( positive emotions)