Chapter 1

Question 1

5 characteristics of emotion

Answer 1

subjective Feelings, Arousal, Direction of Purpose, non verbal expression

Question 2

10 themes of motivation and emotion

Answer 2

1. Motivations are intervening variables 2. Motives are often unconscious 3. What is simplest idea to motivate often is incorrect 4. Motivations and emotions direct attention 5. motivations and emotions are functional and adaptive 6. Motivations are unstable and compete for dominance over time in flow 7. Motives vary in type not just strength 8. Motivation study reveals what people want and why 9. To flourish we need supportive conditions 10 . Nothing better than a good theroy

Question 3

3 sources of motivation

Answer 3

Needs, cognitions and emotions

Question 4

Stages of empirical investigation

Answer 4

Observation, theroy, hypothesis, test , apply or modify based on results back to theroy

Question 5

Two perineal questions

Answer 5

1. Why do we behave a certain way 2. Why is there different intensity within and between motivational energies

Question 6

How do we measure motivation ?

Answer 6

Brain activity, psychophysiology, observation ( persistence, energy, choice, latency), self report

Question 7

How do motives affect behavior?

Answer 7

They energize ( strengthen ) it, direct it ( attraction avoidance pathways ) and determine its persistence

Question 8

How does behavior express emotion/ motivation ?

Answer 8

Persistence, probability of occuring, choice, latency, effort, facial and body expressions

Question 9

Signs of engagement include

Answer 9

Behavior( attitude effort persistence) , cognitions ( active efforts to construct concepts understand )
Agency ( try to contribute )
Emotion ( enjoyment and lack of distress)

Question 10

How do cognitions effect motivation ?

Answer 10

Thoughts, goal setting, desires, attributions, appraisals , motivations to met expectations , beliefs and self concept

Question 11

What are needs ?

Answer 11

Conditions needed to sustain life growth and wellbeing

Question 12

Ways we can use behavior to measure emotions.

Answer 12

Latency, choice, probability of occuring, effort, persistence

Question 13

The why’s of the perineal what causes behavior question ?

Answer 13

Why do we start ? Why do we continue ? Why do we change direction? Why do we stop ? Why directed towards,/away some goals and not others ?

Question 14

How we do use physiology to measure motivation?

Answer 14

Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, hormone levels, skin conductance,plasma activity, ocular activity, electrodetmal activity, skeletal muscle activity

Question 15

In general motivation researchers rely heavily on ______ and little on ——– measures

Answer 15

Psychophysiological and behavioral, self report

Question 16

Issues with self report measures

Answer 16

People rely on social desireable response , do not work well on infants or animals, rely on memory

Question 17

Elements of engagement expression is multidimensional, how ?

Answer 17

Behavior engagement, cognitive ( prob solving and assessing how it’s going through meta cognition) , agentic engagement, emotional

Question 18

Behavior engagement

Answer 18

Ask questions, offer suggestions, express preferences, pays close attention, puts in effort, is persistent for long period of time

Question 19

Cognitive engagement

Answer 19

Active monitoring of how well things are going and use sophisticated learning and prob solving strategies

Question 20

Emotional engagement

Answer 20

Enjoyment, absence of distress

Question 21

Agentive engagement

Answer 21

Constructively contributing