CHAPTER 4: Lesson 14: Bacterial Genetics and Engineering Flashcards
It is the science of heredity
Genetics
it includes the study of genes and
information it carries
Genetics
It is the genetic information that a cell carry that includes
chromosomes and plasmid.
Genome
containing DNA that carry
hereditary information
Chromosomes
It carry the genes
chromosomes
segments of
DNA (except in RNA viruses) that code for functional products
Genes
It is a macromolecule composed of repeating units called
nucleotides
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA or
deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of repeating units called _______.
nucleotides
Repeating units of DNA
nucleotides
Each nucleotide is consist of the ff:
• nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine,
cytosine or guanine)
• deoxyribose (a pentose sugar)
• phosphate group
nitrogenous base
adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine
a pentose sugar
deoxyribose
This exist as long strands of nucleotides twisted together in pairs to form a
double helix
cells DNA
The cells DNA exist as long strands of nucleotides twisted together in pairs to form a
_________.
double helix
The two strands of nucleotides are held together by
__________ between base pairs
hydrogen bonds
Base pairs
• thymine and adenine (AT)
• cytosine and guanine (GC)
These strands have two designated ends called __________.
5’ and 3’ (5 prime end and 3 prime end)
The numbers 5 and 3 represent what?
5th and 3rd carbon atom of the
sugar ring respectively
It represent the fifth and third carbon atom of the
sugar ring respectively.
numbers 5 and 3
It is the end, which joins a phosphate group that attaches to
another nucleotide
5’
It is important as during replication the new nucleotide is
added to this end
3’ end
In terms of direction, if one strand is 5’ to 3’ while reading from left
to right, the other strand will be ________.
3’ to 5’
It is the genetic makeup of an organism that codes for all its
characteristics.
Genotype
It is the organisms collection of genes.
Genotype
It is the
actual expressed properties of an organism or the manifestation of a genotype.
phenotype
Genome is the genetic information that a cell carry that includes _____________.
chromosomes and plasmid
