CHAPTER 2: Lesson 6: Classification of bacteria Flashcards
1
Q
These are a heterogeneous
group of several distinct classes of living beings.
A
Microorganisms
2
Q
Within the kingdom Protista, bacteria and blue-green algae belong to a group called __________.
A
prokaryotes
3
Q
Within the kingdom Protista, _______ and ________ belong to a group called prokaryotes.
A
bacteria and blue-green algae
4
Q
Fungi,
other algae, slime molds and protozoa belong to a group called _______.
A
eukaryotes
5
Q
They belong to a group called eukaryotes.
A
fungi
other algae
slime molds
protozoa
6
Q
(Nucleus) Prokaryotes
A
Absent. No nuclear envelope
7
Q
(Nucleus) Eukaryotes
A
Present with nuclear envelope and nucleolus
8
Q
(Membrane-bound
organelles) Prokaryotes
A
Absent
9
Q
(Membrane-bound
organelles) Eukaryotes
A
Present. Includes mitochondria, chloroplasts (plants), lysosomes
10
Q
(Chromosome (DNA)) Prokaryotes
A
Single coiled chromosome
in cytoplasm ‘nucleoid’
region in association with ‘histone-like’ proteins
11
Q
(Chromosome (DNA)) Eukaryotes
A
Multiple linear chromosomes with histone proteins
12
Q
(Cell wall) Prokaryotes
A
Eubacteria have a cell wall
of peptidoglycan Archaea have cell walls of
Pseudomurein
13
Q
(Cell wall) Eukaryotes
A
No cell wall in animal cells
Plant cell walls is cellulose Fungal cell walls is chitin
14
Q
(Mitotic division) Prokaryotes
A
Absent
15
Q
(Mitotic Division) Eukaryotes
A
Present
16
Q
(Ribosomes) Prokaryotes
A
70S
17
Q
(Ribosomes) Eukaryotes
A
80S. Both free in cytoplasm
and attached to rough
E.R.
70S in mitochondria
and chloroplasts
18
Q
(Flagella) Prokaryotes
A
Free in cytoplasm
when present consists of protein flagellin
19
Q
(Flagella) Eukaryotes
A
Consist of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
20
Q
(Cytoplasmic membrane
lipids) Prokaryotes
A
Eubacteria:
Fatty acids
joined to glycerol by ester
linkage
Archaea:
Hydrocarbons joined to glycerol by ether
linkage
21
Q
(Cytoplasmic Membrane Lipids) Eukaryotes
A
Fatty acids joined to
glycerol by ester linkage
22
Q
(Mitochondria) Prokaryotes
A
Absent
23
Q
(Mitochondria) Eukaryotes
A
Present
24
Q
(Lysosomes) Prokaryotes
A
Absent
25
(Lysosomes) Eukaryotes
Present
26
(Golgi apparatus) Prokaryotes
Absent
27
(Golgi apparatus) Eukaryotes
Present
28
(Endoplasmic Reticulum) Prokaryotes
Absent
29
(Endoplasmic Reticulum) Eukaryotes
Present
30
Bacteria which gain energy from light
Phototrophs
31
Phototrophs is subdivided into two groups
on the basis of source of electron: What are these?
a. Photolithotrops
b. Photoorganotrops
32
Bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such
as H2S as electron source.
Photolithotrops
33
It uses organic compounds such as succinate as
electron source.
Photoorganotrops
34
A bacteria which gain energy from chemical compounds and
cannot carry out photosynthesis.
Chemotrophs
35
Chemotrophs is subdivided into two groups on the basis of
source of electron:
a. Chemolithotrops
b. Chemoorganotrops
36
they gain energy from oxidation of chemical
compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as NH3 as electron source
Chemolithotrops
37
They gain energy from chemical compounds and
uses organic compounds such as glucose and amino acids as a source of
electron.
Chemoorganotrops
38
It is a nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria which uses solar energy or
carbon dioxide as the sole source of carbon to prepare its own food.
Autotrophs
39
Autotrophs is further
subdivided into two types on the basis of energy utilized to assimilate
carbondioxide.
Photoautotrops
Chemoautotrops
40
they utilized light to assimilate carbon dioxide
Photoautotrops
41
Photoautotrops
are further divided into two group on the basis of electron sources:
Photolithotropic autotrops
Photoorganotropic autotrops
42
A bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source and lack
the ability to fix carbon dioxide.
Heterotrophs
43
A. According to mode of nutrition
Phototrophs
Chemotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
44
Photolithotrops: bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such
as _____ as electron source
H2S
45
Photoorganotrops: uses organic compounds such as __________ as
electron source.
succinate
46
Chemolithotrops: they gain energy from oxidation of chemical
compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as ______ as electron
source.
NH3
47
Chemoorganotrops: they gain energy from chemical compounds and
uses organic compound such as _________ and __________ as source of
electron.
glucose and amino acids
48
B. According to optimum temperature requirement for growth
Psychrophiles
Psychrotrophs
Mesophiles
Thermophiles
Hyperthermophiles
49
A bacteria that can grow at below 0°C to 20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below. It contains polyunsaturated fatty acids in
their cell membrane which allows it to not freeze even at lower temperature
hence it is a common contaminant in refrigerators.
Psychrophiles
50
Psychrophiles are bacteria that can grow at below _______ but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below.
0°C to 20°C
51
Psychrophiles is a bacteria that can grow at below 0°C-20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is ____________.
15°C or below
52
Psychrophiles contains _______________ in
their cell membrane which allows it to not freeze even at lower temperature
hence it is a common contaminant in refrigerators.
polyunsaturated fatty acids
53
it is a common contaminant in refrigerators
Psychrophiles
54
It is a bacteria that can grow even
between 0°C to 30°C but optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C.
Psychrotrophs (facultative psychrophiles)
55
Psychrotrophs (facultative psychrophiles): bacteria that can grow even
between __________ but optimum temperature for growth is _________.
0°C to 30°C
20-30°C
56
Mesophiles: bacteria that can grow best between _________ and optimum
temperature for growth is ________.
25-40°C
37°C
57
A bacteria that can grow best between 25-40°C and optimum
temperature for growth is 37°C.
Mesophiles
58
Thermophiles: bacteria that best grow above ______, contains saturated fatty acids
in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at
higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.
45°C
59
A bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains saturated fattyacids
in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at
higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.
Thermophiles
60
Thermophiles: bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains __________
in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at
higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.
saturated fatty acids
61
can survive pasteurization temperature
Thermophiles
62
2 types of Thermophiles
facultative thermophiles
obligate thermophiles
63
Capable of growing in mesophilic range
facultative thermophiles
64
True thermophiles or Stenothermophiles
obligate thermophiles
65
A bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth above
80°C.
Hypethermophiles
66
Hyperthermophiles are bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth.
above 80°C
67
According to optimal pH for growth
Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles
Neutrophiles
68
A bacteria that grows best at acidic pH
Acidophiles
69
A bacteria that grows best at alkaline pH
Alkaliphiles
70
A bacteria that grows best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)
Neutrophiles
71
According to salt requirement
Halophiles
Halotolerant
72
bacteria that require high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) for
growth
Halophiles
73
Halophiles require high concentration of ____________ for
growth.
sodium chloride (NaCl)
74
bacteria that does not require NaCl but can tolerate low
concentration of NaCl in growth media
Halotolerant
75
According to gaseous requirement
Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Microaerophiles
Obligate anaerobes
Capnophiles
76
bacteria that requires and cannot grow in the absence of
oxygen
Obligate aerobes
77
bacteria that do not require oxygen but can use it if
available
Facultative anaerobes
78
bacteria that do not require but can tolerate the
presence of oxygen for growth
Aerotolerant anaerobes
79
bacteria that do not require but can tolerate low concentration
of oxygen for growth
Microaerophiles
80
bacteria that can grow only in the absence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
81
bacteria that require carbon dioxide for growth
Capnophiles
82
According to cell wall
Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
83
Cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan
layer only. The cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear
violate in Gram staining.
Gram positive bacteria
84
Cell wall of these bacteria is composed of thin layer of
Peptidoglycan and outer membrane having rich or thick layer of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The cell wall does not retain the gram stain,
but they take up the red color of the counter stain during Gram staining.
Gram negative bacteria
85
Gram negative bacteria
Red color
86
Gram positive bacteria
Violet
87
According to flagella
Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Atrichous
88
Bacteria with single flagellum in one end of cell
Monotrichous
89
Bacteria having bundle of flagella in one end of cell
Lophotrichous
90
Bacteria having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell
Amphitrichous
91
Bacteria having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface
Peritrichous
92
Bacteria without flagella
Atrichous
93
According to spore
Spore forming bacteria
Non-spore forming bacteria
94
Spore forming bacteria is subdivided
into two groups:
a. endospore forming bacteria
b. exospore forming bacteria
95
Spore produced within the bacterial cell.
endospore forming bacteria
96
Spore produced outside the cell
exospore forming bacteria
97
Those bacteria which do not produce spores.
Non-spore forming bacteria
