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VMCB 311 > CHAPTER 3: Lesson 10: Culture Methods > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3: Lesson 10: Culture Methods Flashcards

1
Q

A population of bacteria grown in the laboratory.

A

culture

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2
Q

This contains only one single type

A

pure culture

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3
Q

It contains two or more different bacteria

A

mixed culture

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4
Q

If a bacterial culture is left in the same media for too long, the cells use up the available nutrients, excrete toxic metabolites, and eventually the entire population will die. Thus bacterial cultures must be periodically ____________, to new media to keep the bacterial population growing

A

subcultured

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5
Q

This is used to obtain a pure culture of an
infectious agent, and also for studies leading to the identification of the pathogen.

A

subculturing

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6
Q

This means using practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens.

A

Aseptic technique

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7
Q

It involves applying the strictest rules to
minimize the risk of infection.

A

Aseptic Technique

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8
Q

Culture methods

A
  1. Streak plate method
  2. Lawn culture
  3. Stroke Culture
  4. Stab culture
  5. Pour plate culture
  6. Shake culture
  7. Liquid cultures
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9
Q

The most effective way to isolate a single type of
bacteria from a source that contains many.

A

Streak plate method

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10
Q

Method used by diluting the individual cells by
spreading them over the surface of an agar plate using a platinum or inoculating
loop of 2–4 mm diameter.

A

Streak Plate Method

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11
Q

Size of a platinum or inoculating
loop used in streak plate method.

A

2–4 mm diameter

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12
Q

The piles of bacterial cells
observed after an incubation period.

A

colonies

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13
Q

In the Streak Plate Method, the inoculated culture plate is incubated at _________ overnight
for demonstration of colonies.

A

37°C

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14
Q

In the Streak Plate Method, this growth occurs at the primary inoculum.

A

confluent growth

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15
Q

Also called as carpet culture

A

Lawn culture

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16
Q

this method is used for Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method

A

Lawn culture

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17
Q

This method is used for Bacteriophage typing.

A

Lawn culture

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18
Q

This is used for preparation of bacterial antigens and vaccines.

A

Lawn Culture

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19
Q

This culture are prepared by flooding the surface of the plate with a liquid culture or suspension of the bacterium, pipetting off the excess
inoculum and incubating the plate

A

Lawn culture

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20
Q

It provides a uniform growth of the
bacterium.

A

lawn culture

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21
Q

It provides a pure growth of bacteria for carrying
out slide agglutination and other diagnostic tests.

A

Stroke culture

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22
Q

It is carried out in tubes usually
containing slanted nutrient agar slopes.

A

Stroke Culture

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23
Q

This method is used for mainly for demonstration of gelatin
liquefaction.

A

Stab culture

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24
Q

This method is used for demonstration of oxygen requirement of the bacterium under
study.

A

Stab Culture

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25
This Method is used for the maintenance of stock cultures.
Stab Culture
26
This method is used to study motility of bacteria in semisolid agar.
Stab Culture
27
This is used to determine approximate number of viable organisms in liquids, such as water or urine.
Pour plate culture
28
It is used to quantitate bacteria in urine cultures and also to estimate the viable bacterial count in a suspension.
Pour Plate Culture
29
This method is carried out in tubes, each containing 15 mL of molten agar.
Pour Plate Culture
30
Pour Plate Culture is carried out in tubes, each containing _______ of ________.
15 mL molten agar
31
The molten agar in tubes in the Pour Plate Culture is left to cool in a water bath at _____.
45°C
32
In the Pour Plate Culture, after overnight incubation of these Petri dishes at ______, colonies are found to be distributed throughout the depth of the medium, which can be counted using a _________.
37°C colony counter
33
A deep culture of agar or gelatin through which the inoculum is evenly distributed by shaking before the medium is solidified.
Shake culture
34
This method is used chiefly for the demonstration of anaerobic colonies.
Shake Culture
35
It is made by melting nutrient agar in a test tube.
Shake Culture
36
This method is used for blood culture and for sterility.
Liquid cultures
37
This method is used for dilution in the medium,
Liquid Culture
38
This method is used for or large yields culture.
Liquid Culture
39
It does not provide a pure culture from mixed inocula—the major disadvantage, nor identify a bacteria.
liquid cultures
40
Incubation of cultures at this temperature is standard practice in the culture of bacteria pathogenic to man.
37°C
41
Brucella abortus and capnophilic streptococci, require extra of this element in the air in which they are grown.
CO2 or carbon dioxide
42
These organisms grow better in air supplemented with 5 to 10 percent CO2.
pneumococcus and gonococcus
43
pneumococcus and gonococcus grow better in air supplemented with how many percent of CO2?
5-10%
44
For cultivation of aerobes the incubation is done in an incubator under normal atmospheric condition.
Aerobic Culture
45
It require incubation without oxygen and differ in their requirement and sensitivity to oxygen.
Anaerobic bacteria
46
It will not grow from small inocula unless oxygen is absent and the Eh of the medium is low.
Obligate anaerobes
47
METHODS OF ISOLATING PURE CULTURES
1. Surface plating 2. Use of selective, enrichment or indicator media 3. Selective treatment of the specimen before culture 4. Use of selective growth conditions 5. Separation of motile from non-motile bacteria can be effected using Cragie’s tube 6. Animal inoculation 7. Filters
48
a method routinely employed in clinical bacteriology and enables the isolation of distinct colonies which may be picked out, if necessary for further purification and study
Surface plating
49
widely used for the isolation of pathogens from specimens such as feces, with varied flora
Enrichment, selective and indicator media
50
_________ such as ________ for the diphtheria bacillus, have been devised so that, the majority of organisms likely to be associated with those for which the media are used will not grow, and the isolation of pure cultures is thus facilitated
Selective media tellurite media
51
Selective media such as tellurite media for this kind of bacteria, have been devised so that, the majority of organisms likely to be associated with those for which the media are used will not grow, and the isolation of pure cultures is thus facilitated.
diphtheria bacillus
52
This media favor the multiplication of particular species as a step towards their isolation in pure culture.
Enrichment media
53
Example of Enrichment Media
selenite broth
54
Enrichment media such as selenite broth is for what type of sp?
Salmonella sp
55
This media contain ingredients that change in appearance with particular organisms and so assist their isolation.
Indicator media
56
Indicator media, such as Willis and Hobbs medium is for what specie?
Clostridium sp
57
Example of Indicator Media
Willis and Hobbs medium
58
Willis and Hobbs medium is an example of what media?
Indicator Media
59
Used to separate spores from vegetative bacilli but does not guarantee that spores will germinate under subsequent cultural conditions.
Heating at 65°C for 30 minutes or at higher temperatures for shorter periods
60
This method is useful for the isolation of tetanus bacilli from dust and similar source.
Selective treatment of the specimen before culture
61
Heating at 65°C for 30 minutes or at higher temperatures for shorter periods.
Selective treatment of the specimen before culture
62
This method is the standard practice for the isolation of tubercle bacilli from sputum and other clinical specimens, by treatment with alkali, acid or other substances to which most commensals are susceptible but tubercle bacilli are resistant.
Pretreatment of specimens with appropriate bactericidal substances
63
Separation of bacteria with different temperature optima
Use of selective growth conditions
64
The temperature and atmosphere chosen for a culture automatically preclude the growth of many bacteria.
Separation of bacteria with different temperature optima
65
Incubation temperature used for most medically important bacteria, is too warm for some air contaminants, which subsequently appear as colonies when plates are kept at room temperature.
37°C
66
Some pathogens are selectively favoured by growth at what temperature?
above 37ºC
67
What bacteria grow at 60ºC?
thermophilic bacteria
68
Only thermophilic bacteria grow at what temperature?
60ºC
69
Obligate aerobes and anaerobes may be separated by cultivation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Cultivation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
70
_________ will not grow in air and most __________ grow less vigorously under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions
Strict anaerobes facultative anaerobes
71
This consists of a tube of semisolid agar, with a narrow tube open at both ends placed in the center of the medium in such a way that it projects above the level of the agar.
Separation of motile from non-motile bacteria can be effected using Cragie’s tube:
72
Separation of motile from non-motile bacteria can be effected using what?
Cragie’s tube
73
This also serves the same purpose, inoculation being performed in one limb and the subculture taken from the other.
U-tube
74
This method can also be used to obtain phase variants in Salmonella species.
U-tube
75
U-tube can also be used to obtain phase variants in what spp?
Salmonella spp
76
Pathogenic bacteria may be isolated from mixtures by inoculation into appropriate animals due to the fact that laboratory animals are highly susceptible to certain organisms.
Animal inoculation
77
example of animal that is highly susceptible to certain organisms line pneumococcus
mouse
78
Mouse is highly susceptible to certain organisms like what?
Pneumococcus
79
Animal inoculation
1. Pnemococcus 2. Anthrax bacilli 3. Tubercle bacillus
80
If a mixture of organisms containing the pneumococcus, e.g. in sputum, is inoculated subcutaneously into a mouse, the animal dies because of what?
pneumococcal septicemia
81
If a mixture of organisms containing the pneumococcus, e.g. in sputum, is inoculated subcutaneously into a mouse, the animal dies of pneumococcal septicemia in how many hours?
12 to 48 hrs
82
Pnemococcus can be obtained in pure culture from the ________.
heart blood
83
It can be distinguished from other aerobic sporulating bacilli by inoculation into mice or guinea pigs.
Anthrax bacilli
84
It produces a fatal septicemia and may be cultured pure from the heart blood.
Anthrax bacilli
85
Anthrax bacilli can be distinguished from other aerobic sporulating bacilli by inoculation into what animals?
mice or guinea pigs
86
Anthrax bacilli produce a _________.
fatal septicemia
87
Anthrax bacilli produce a fatal septicemia and may be cultured pure from where?
heart blood
88
This can be isolated from contaminating organisms by inoculation of an infected specimen into a guinea pig. .
Tubercle bacillus:
89
Tubercle bacillus can be isolated from contaminating organisms by inoculation of an infected specimen into a what animal?
guinea pig
90
Bacteria of differing sizes may be separated by the use of these.
Filters
91
These are widely used for separating viruses from bacteria.
Filters

VMCB 311 (11 decks)

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