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NAPLEX > Chapter 4: Learning Lab Values & Drug Monitoring > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Learning Lab Values & Drug Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine, PTU, methimazole, procainamide, carbamazepine, Bactrim, and isoniazid

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2
Q

What causes increased calcium levels

A

Calcium supplementation, Vitamin D, thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

What causes decreased calcium levels

A

long-term heparin, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet

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4
Q

What causes decreased magnesium levels

A

PPIs, diuretics

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5
Q

What causes increased phosphate levels

A

Renal failure

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6
Q

What causes increased K levels

A

ACEi, ARBs, ARAs, aliskiren, canagliflozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, K supplements, SMX/TMP, drosperinone-containing contraceptives

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7
Q

What causes decreased K levels

A

steroids, B-2 agonsts, diuretics, insulin

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8
Q

What causes decreased Na levels

A

carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, SSRIs, diuretics

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9
Q

What causes decreased bicarbonate levels

A

Topiramate

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10
Q

What causes increased BUN levels

A

Renal impairment and dehydration

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11
Q

What causes increased SCr

A

Aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, colistimethane, cyclosporine, loop diuretics, polymyxin, NSAIDs, radiocontrast dye, tacrolimus, vancomycin

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12
Q

Increased anion gap suggests:

A

metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

What causes increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

B12 or folate deficiency

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14
Q

What causes decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

iron deficiency

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15
Q

Folic acid is decreased due to

A

Phenytoin/phosphenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, methotrexate, SMX/TMP

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16
Q

Vitamin B12 is decreased due to

A

PPIs, metformin

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17
Q

When is reticulocyte count decreased

A

In untreated anemia due to iron, folate or B12 deficiency and with bone marrow suppression

18
Q

Coombs test is positive in

A

drug-induced hemolysis caused by PCNs and cephalosporins, dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa, methyldopa, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, quinidine, quinine, rasburicase, rifampin, and sulfonamides

19
Q

The RBC destruction with G6PD deficiency is triggered by:

A

Stress, foods (fava beans), dapsone, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, rasburicase, sulfonamides

20
Q

Anti-Xa peak should be obtained ___ hours after SC LMWH dose

A

4 hours

21
Q

What is Anti-Xa used to monitor

A

LMWH and UFH

22
Q

PT/INR is used to monitor

A

warfarin

23
Q

INR increases (without warfarin) due to

A

liver disease

24
Q

False increase in INR occurs from

A

daptomycin, oritavancin, telavancin

25
Q

aPTT or PTT is used to monitor

A

UFH and direct thrombin inhibitors

26
Q

False increase in aPTT occurs from

A

oritavancin and televancin

27
Q

Platelets decrease due to

A

Heparin, LMWHs, fondaparinux, linezolid, valproic acid

28
Q

Which drugs are impacted by low albumin

A

Warfarin, calcium and phenytoin

29
Q

Which drugs require correction for low albumin

A

calcium, phenytoin and valproic acid

30
Q

Amylase and lipase increase in pancreatitis, which can be caused by

A

didanosine, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, valproic acid, hypertriglyceridemia

31
Q

Creatine Kinase (CK or CPK) is increased due to

A

daptomycin, statins, tenofovir, raltegravir, dolutegravir

32
Q

What are the cardiac enzymes that are used in the diagnosis of MI

A

Troponin T, Troponin I, BNP and NT-proBNP

33
Q

BNP and NT-proBNP are markers of

A

Cardiac stress. Higher values indicate higher likelihood of HF

34
Q

Increased TSH (hypothyroidism) is due to

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lithium, carbamazepine

35
Q

Lactic acid can be increased due to

A

NRTIs and metformin

36
Q

Prolactin can increase due to

A

haloperidol, risperidone, and paliperidone

37
Q

Uric acid can be increased due to

A

diuretics, niacin, low doses of ASA, pyrazinamide, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, select pancreatic enzyme products, select chemotherapy (TLS)

38
Q

Causes of DILE

A

anti-TNF agents, hydralazine, isoniazid, methimazole, methyldopa, minocycline, procainamide, PTU, quinidine, terbinafine

39
Q

Which lab parameters are used to assess HIV and monitor treatment

A

CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load

40
Q

What is the antibiody test used to screen for syphilis

A

RPR

41
Q

Those with TPMT deficiency may require lower doses of

A

azathiopurine and mercaptopurine

42
Q

Therapeutic drug level for vanco

A

Trough: 15-20 mcg/mL for most serious infections (pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and bacteremia)
Trough: 10-15 mcg/mL for others

NAPLEX (74 decks)

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