Chapter 38: Common Conditions of the Eyes and Ears Flashcards
T/F: Ear drops can be used in the eye, but eye drops cannot be used in the ear
FALSE - eye drops can be used in the ear, but ear drops cannot be used in the eye
(remember the eye is more sensitive than the ear, so eye products ONLY goes in the eye)
AD
Right ear (A = auris, D = dextra)
AS
Left ear (A = auris, S = sinistra)
AU
Both ears
OD
Right eye (O = oculus, D = dextra)
OS
Left eye (O = oculus, S = sinistra)
OU
Each eye
For a eye/ear solution, 1 drop = __ mL
0.05 (so, there are 20 drops per mL)
Eye ointments can make vision
blurry
For eye gels, what should the patient be counseled to do
Invert and shake ONCE to get the medication into the tip before instilling into the eye
Glaucoma is a disease of the eye that results in damage to the _____ and loss of ____
optic nerve
loss of the visual field (i.e., the vision straight ahead and peripheral vision)
In most cases, IOP is ____ (increased or decreased) in glaucoma
Increased
Which type of glaucoma is a sharp, sudden increase in IOP due to blockage & is a medical emergency that is treated surgically
Closed-angle glaucoma
Which key drugs can increase IOP
- Anticholinergics (e.g., oxybutinin, tolterodine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, TCAs)
- Cough, cold and motion sickness meds (e.g,. antihistamines and scopolamine)
- Chronic steroids, especially eye drops such as prednisolone (Pred Forte)
- Topiramate (Topamax)
Glaucoma treatment goal is to decrease IOP in 2 ways, which include:
- Reduce aqueous humor production (make less fluid) by using BB like timolol
- Increase aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out) using PG analogs like latanoprost
- Or do both with add-on treatment such as a-2 agonists like brimonidine
What are the most effective drugs at decreasing IOP
PG analogs (safe and used once daily)
When is a BB preferred in glaucoma
if the pressure is high in one eye only
Bimatoprost brand name
Lumigan
also Latisse to increase eyelash growth; should not be used with PG analogs indicated for glaucoma
Latanoprost brand name
Xalatan, Xelpros
PG analogs MOA
increase aqueous humor OUTFLOW
Travoprost brand name
Travatan Z
How are PG analogs dosed
1 drop QHS
PG analogs warnings
darken the iris and eyelashes, eyelash length and number can increase
PG analogs SE
blurred vision, stinging, increased pigmentation of the iris/eyelashes, growth of eyelashes
