Chapter 4 Blood Transport Flashcards
What are the 5 blood vessels?
Arteries Veins Venules Arterioles Capillaries
Name the circulation humans have.
Double circulation
Name the two circulations in the body and where the blood goes in each.
Pulmonary - from the heart tot he lungs and back
Systemic circulation - from the heart to the body
Describe the terms vaso-constricion and vaso-dilation.
When the arterioles constrict and dilate by sphincters contracting and relaxing due to the action of sympathetic nerves, to affect blood flow to muscles.
Describe arteries.
They have thick, elastic walls with a small lumen, that carry blood away from the heart.
Describe veins
They have thin walls and large lumens, they have valves to stop the back-flow of blood. The carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart,.
What are arterioles and venules?
Smaller veins and arteries that branch form from veins and arteries.
Describe capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that supply nutrients to cells and remove waste materials. They are one cell thick and are very close to the muscle site.
Explain the redistribution of blood in exercise.
In exercise blood is not needed in the digestive system so sphincters contract in the arterioles and reduce the blood flow to those areas while exercising. This is why you get cramp if you eat before exercise.
More blood is pumped to the blood surface to cool down/
The blood flow to the brain stays constant.
What is systolic and diastolic pressure?
Systolic - The hearts pressure when contracting.
Diastolic - The hearts pressure when relaxing.
How does the velocity change in each blood vessel?
Velocity is highest in the arteries, medium in the veins and very low in the capillaries.
Describe venous return and the pumps involved.
Venous return are the mechanisms involves to assist the return of blood to the heart.
Skeletal pump - Muscle action squeezes the veins and forces the blood towards the heart.
Respiratory pump - breathing motion forces the blood to flow towards the heart by increasing the pressure within the chest. When we inhale the abdominals are squeezed which squeeze the veins.
What is the Bohr Shift
Movement to the right of the hemoglobin curve which results in the release of more oxygen in exercising muscles.
What causes the Bohr Shift and what are the consequences of the shift
Increase in carbon dioxide/ higher blood acidity
Increase in temperature
Presence of lactic acid
Oxygen disassociates from haemoglobin quicker
What is A-Vo Difference
The difference in oxygen levels
