Chapter 12 - National Curriculum, Physical education and School Sport Flashcards
Who went to school in 1800-1870?
Upper class, rich boys. Sons of landlords.
What was ‘Fagging’?
Using younger boys as servants
In villages what type of sport was played? What were they like?
Mob games. Brutal, no rules, no boundaries, no kit.
EG) Get the ball to the opposing village boarder and you win, GO!
Define Social Control?
Mechanism where one group within society attempts to control another group. The sixth-former’s controlled the younger boys. They playing of the games kept the boys under control.
Why were the boys encouraged to play sport?
It developed vales like leadership, athleticism, discipline, loyalty, bravery, decision-making, and fair play.
Define Fair Play
Playing the activity fairly and obeying the rules.
Define athleticism
Fanatical devotion to both the physical side of playing the sport but also the development of moral integrity.
Define Codification
Formalising the rules of a sport.
Define Urbanisation
the movement of the population to the cities from the country-side.
Define Rational Recreation
The provision of activities for the lower classes whose work and leisure time had become strictly limited.
The sudden boom in sport was called rational recreation.
How much leisure time did factory workers get?
One day
Where is Midday Starts come from in sport?
Factory workers worked half days on Saturdays. So their sport always started at midday.
What was the Melting Pot?
When school boys went to university that had to bring all the different rules they played by together and formalise a set of rules.
Who else encouraged workers to play sport?
The churches and factory owners.
What was the cause of the sudden boom in sport?
More and more ex-school boys wanted to continue playing the sports that has in school.
What helped ration recreation develop?
New railways made traveling easier, enabling fixtures to be made.
Communications improved, this spread word of fixtures that increase spectators at the games.
Define ‘Gentleman Amateur’
People who played sport for pleasure; played to a strict moral code
Define ‘Military Drill’
mainly static exercises performed in unison, regimented, command style.
What syllabus was introduced in 1904? What was it like, and why?
The Model Course
Involved military drills, so when people were recruited in the army they wouldn’t be ill-disciplined,or unfit.
Former non-commission officers.
Pretend weapons were used.
Command style teaching.
Children stood in ranks
Designed to install discipline and obedience
What syllabus was introduced in 1919? What was it like, and why?
Syllabus of Physical Training (PT)
After the first world war general health was bad. Recreative activities helped injured soldiers so the idea was rolled out to schools.
It was realised that it was good for your health and could be enjoyed.
Designed to be therapeutic.
Still had regimented exercises but had some free movement, dance and small games too.
Under 7’s focused on fun and play
Over 7’s focused on therapeutic exercises
Formal lessons
What syllabus was introduced in 1933? What was it like, and why?
Syllabus of Physical Training (PT)
Fitness and therapeutic were still the main objectives
Athletics, gymnastics, and games were included.
Formal lessons
Opportunities for teamwork
Many lessons were held outside for the benefit of fresh air.
Began to wear kit
What syllabus was introduced in 1952? What was it like, and why?
Syllabus of Moving and Growing
Introduced after the second world war.
Apparatus in the gymnasium was used alot.
Playing fields were introduced to all schools
More creative, child centred, movements style of learning
Emphasised the need to develop children’s physical, social and cognitive skills through agility exercises, dance, gymnastics, swimming,and games.
Teachers provided guidance, rather than direction.
Problem solving and discovery style teaching
What are the main objectives of the Nation Curriculum (NCPE) ?
Achieve physical competence and confidence
Perform a range of activities
Achieve physical skilfulness
Gain knowledge of the body in action
Become a critical performer
Learn competitiveness/face challenges/creativity
Learn how to plan, perform and evaluate
Discover their abilities, aptitudes, and make choices for life long learning.
Define ‘Critical Performer’
Understanding activities from a coach, leader, choreographer, official or spectators point of view.
What were the characteristics of physical education in state schools in the post-World War II period before the introduction of the National Curriculum?
Moving and Growing
Varied content/gymnastic/dance/ games skills;
Element of play;
Better facilities /equipment/apparatus;
Recognition of different ages;
Link between mind and body/physical & mental benefits;
Use of group work;
Less command style/more
discovery/child-centered/Freedom of Movement;
More enjoyable/fun;
Modern day state schools have expanded their physical education curriculum to include ‘outdoor and adventurous activities’
Health and/or fitness;
Develop motor skills/physical skills;
Leadership/decision making/taking responsibility/safety;
Personal skills/self esteem/self awareness/knowing strengths and weaknesses/confidence/survival skills;
Social skills/team work/co-operation/ working with others/communication/relying on others;
Later life/career/active leisure/qualifications/lifelong learning;
Appreciation of natural environment /countryside/conservation issues/etc/
escapism
