Chapter 12 - National Curriculum, Physical education and School Sport

Question 1

Who went to school in 1800-1870?

Answer 1

Upper class, rich boys. Sons of landlords.

Question 2

What was ‘Fagging’?

Answer 2

Using younger boys as servants

Question 3

In villages what type of sport was played? What were they like?

Answer 3

Mob games. Brutal, no rules, no boundaries, no kit.

EG) Get the ball to the opposing village boarder and you win, GO!

Question 4

Define Social Control?

Answer 4

Mechanism where one group within society attempts to control another group. The sixth-former’s controlled the younger boys. They playing of the games kept the boys under control.

Question 5

Why were the boys encouraged to play sport?

Answer 5

It developed vales like leadership, athleticism, discipline, loyalty, bravery, decision-making, and fair play.

Question 6

Define Fair Play

Answer 6

Playing the activity fairly and obeying the rules.

Question 7

Define athleticism

Answer 7

Fanatical devotion to both the physical side of playing the sport but also the development of moral integrity.

Question 8

Define Codification

Answer 8

Formalising the rules of a sport.

Question 9

Define Urbanisation

Answer 9

the movement of the population to the cities from the country-side.

Question 10

Define Rational Recreation

Answer 10

The provision of activities for the lower classes whose work and leisure time had become strictly limited.
The sudden boom in sport was called rational recreation.

Question 11

How much leisure time did factory workers get?

Answer 11

One day

Question 12

Where is Midday Starts come from in sport?

Answer 12

Factory workers worked half days on Saturdays. So their sport always started at midday.

Question 13

What was the Melting Pot?

Answer 13

When school boys went to university that had to bring all the different rules they played by together and formalise a set of rules.

Question 14

Who else encouraged workers to play sport?

Answer 14

The churches and factory owners.

Question 15

What was the cause of the sudden boom in sport?

Answer 15

More and more ex-school boys wanted to continue playing the sports that has in school.

Question 16

What helped ration recreation develop?

Answer 16

New railways made traveling easier, enabling fixtures to be made.
Communications improved, this spread word of fixtures that increase spectators at the games.

Question 17

Define ‘Gentleman Amateur’

Answer 17

People who played sport for pleasure; played to a strict moral code

Question 18

Define ‘Military Drill’

Answer 18

mainly static exercises performed in unison, regimented, command style.

Question 19

What syllabus was introduced in 1904? What was it like, and why?

Answer 19

The Model Course

Involved military drills, so when people were recruited in the army they wouldn’t be ill-disciplined,or unfit.
Former non-commission officers.
Pretend weapons were used.
Command style teaching.
Children stood in ranks
Designed to install discipline and obedience

Question 20

What syllabus was introduced in 1919? What was it like, and why?

Answer 20

Syllabus of Physical Training (PT)

After the first world war general health was bad. Recreative activities helped injured soldiers so the idea was rolled out to schools.
It was realised that it was good for your health and could be enjoyed.

Designed to be therapeutic.
Still had regimented exercises but had some free movement, dance and small games too.
Under 7’s focused on fun and play
Over 7’s focused on therapeutic exercises
Formal lessons

Question 21

What syllabus was introduced in 1933? What was it like, and why?

Answer 21

Syllabus of Physical Training (PT)

Fitness and therapeutic were still the main objectives
Athletics, gymnastics, and games were included.
Formal lessons
Opportunities for teamwork
Many lessons were held outside for the benefit of fresh air.
Began to wear kit

Question 22

What syllabus was introduced in 1952? What was it like, and why?

Answer 22

Syllabus of Moving and Growing

Introduced after the second world war.
Apparatus in the gymnasium was used alot.
Playing fields were introduced to all schools
More creative, child centred, movements style of learning

Emphasised the need to develop children’s physical, social and cognitive skills through agility exercises, dance, gymnastics, swimming,and games.
Teachers provided guidance, rather than direction.

Problem solving and discovery style teaching

Question 23

What are the main objectives of the Nation Curriculum (NCPE) ?

Answer 23

Achieve physical competence and confidence
Perform a range of activities
Achieve physical skilfulness
Gain knowledge of the body in action
Become a critical performer
Learn competitiveness/face challenges/creativity
Learn how to plan, perform and evaluate
Discover their abilities, aptitudes, and make choices for life long learning.

Question 24

Define ‘Critical Performer’

Answer 24

Understanding activities from a coach, leader, choreographer, official or spectators point of view.

Question 25

What were the characteristics of physical education in state schools in the post-World War II period before the introduction of the National Curriculum?

Answer 25

Moving and Growing
Varied content/gymnastic/dance/ games skills;
Element of play;
Better facilities /equipment/apparatus;
Recognition of different ages;
Link between mind and body/physical & mental benefits;
Use of group work;
Less command style/more
discovery/child-centered/Freedom of Movement;
More enjoyable/fun;

Question 26

Modern day state schools have expanded their physical education curriculum to include ‘outdoor and adventurous activities’

Answer 26

Health and/or fitness;

Develop motor skills/physical skills;

Leadership/decision making/taking responsibility/safety;

Personal skills/self esteem/self awareness/knowing strengths and weaknesses/confidence/survival skills;

Social skills/team work/co-operation/ working with others/communication/relying on others;

Later life/career/active leisure/qualifications/lifelong learning;
Appreciation of natural environment /countryside/conservation issues/etc/
escapism