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NSCA CPT Exam Study > Chapter 4: Biomechanics > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Biomechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional Anatomy

A

The relation between body structures and their function, particularly with respect to movement. (NSCA CPT, pg. 61)

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2
Q

Linear Motion

A

Motion along a straight or curved line. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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3
Q

Rectilinear Motion

A

Motion along a straight line. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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4
Q

Curvilinear Motion

A

Motion along a curved line. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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5
Q

Angular Motion (Rotational Motion)

A

Motion in which a body rotates about an axis. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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6
Q

Axis of Rotation (Fulcrum)

A

Imaginary line about which joint rotation occurs. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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7
Q

Frontal Plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body or organs into front and back portions. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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8
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

A vertical plane that divides the body or organs into left and right portions. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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9
Q

Transverse Plane

A

A horizontal plane that divides the body or organs into upper and lower portions. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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10
Q

Kinematics

A

Description of motion with respect to space and time, and without regard to the forces or torques involved. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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11
Q

Acceleration

A

An increase in velocity. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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12
Q

Kinetics

A

Assessment of motion with regard to forces and force-related measures. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

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13
Q

Friction

A

The resistance to motion of two objects or surfaces that touch. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

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14
Q

Angular Velocity

A

An object’s rotational speed. (NSCA CPT, pg. 66)

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15
Q

Torque

A

The tendency of a force to rotate an object about a fulcrum. (NSCA CPT, pg. 66)

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16
Q

First-class Lever

A

A lever for which the applied and resistive forces act on opposite sides of the fulcrum. (NSCA CPT, pg. 68)

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17
Q

Second-class Lever

A

A lever in which the applied and resistive forces act on the same side of the fulcrum, but with the applied force acting through a moment arm that is longer than that of the resistive force. (NSCA CPT, pg. 68)

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18
Q

Third-class Lever

A

A lever in which the applied and resistive forces act on the same side of the fulcrum, but with the resistive force acting through a moment arm that is longer than that of the applied force. (NSCA CPT, pg. 68)

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19
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

The ratio of the length of the moment arm through which a muscular force acts to the length of a moment arm through which a resistive force acts. (NSCA CPT, pg. 68)

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20
Q

Work

A

The product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves (i.e., force 􏰀 distance). (NSCA CPT, pg. 69)

21
Q

Power

A

The rate of performing work, often expressed as either work divided by time or force times velocity. 70)

22
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

Capacity or ability to do mechanical work. (NSCA CPT, pg. 71)

23
Q

Efficiency

A

Amount of mechanical output produced for a given amount of metabolic input. (NSCA CPT, pg. 71)

24
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle, typically anatomically opposite to the agonist, that can stop or slow down a muscle action caused by the agonist. (NSCA CPT, pg. 71)

25
Q

Agonist

A

A muscle that is shortening to perform a concentric action. (NSCA CPT, pg. 71)

26
Q

Pennation Angle

A

The angle between the direction of the muscle fibers and an imaginary line between the muscle’s origin and its insertion. (NSCA CPT, pg. 72)

27
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Position in which a person stands erect with arms down at the sides and palms forward. (NSCA CPT, pg. 62)

28
Q

Moment Arm

A

Perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of force action. (NSCA CPT, pg. 66)

29
Q

Line of Force Action

A

The line along which the force acts, passing through the force’s point of application. (NSCA CPT, pg. 66)

30
Q

Force

A

A mechanical action or effect applied to a body that tends to produce acceleration. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

31
Q

Magnitude

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is how much force is produced or applied. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

32
Q

Location

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is where on a body or structure a force is applied. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

33
Q

Direction

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is where the force is directed. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

34
Q

Duration

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is how long the force is applied. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

35
Q

Frequency

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is how many times the force is applied in a given time. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

36
Q

Variability

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is if the magnitude of force is constant or changing over the application period. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

37
Q

Rate

A

One of the seven force-related factors. It is how quickly the force is produced or applied. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

38
Q

First Law of Motion

A

A body at rest or in motion tends to remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

39
Q

Second Law of Motion

A

A net force (􏰱F) acting on a body produces an acceleration (a) proportional to the force according to the equation (the sum of)􏰱F = m 􏰀 X a. Where m = mass. For equals mass times acceleration. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

40
Q

Third Law of Motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (NSCA CPT, pg. 65)

41
Q

Momentum

A

The quantity of motion for a body. (NSCA CPT, pg. 66)

42
Q

Torque equation

A

T = F X d. torque equals force times moment arm. (NSCA CPT, pg. 66)

43
Q

Work equation

A

W = F X d. Force times distance equals work. (NSCA CPT, pg. 69)

44
Q

Power equation

A

P = W/t. Work divided by time equals power. (NSCA CPT, pg. 70)

45
Q

Power equation 2

A

P = F x v. Force times velocity equals power.

46
Q

Rate of Force Development

A

The time rate of change office. (NSCA CPT, pg. 75)

47
Q

Constant-resistance devices

A

Free weights, Machines. (NSCA CPT, pg. 82)

48
Q

Variable-resistance Devices

A

Machines, Elastic Resistance, Chains. (NSCA CPT, pg. 84)

49
Q

Accommodating-resistance Devices

A

Isokinetic Dynamometers, Flywheels, Fluid resistance. (NSCA CPT, pg. 85)`

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