Chapter 4 - Behavioral Change and Health Psychology Flashcards
What is the health belief model?
a model that predicts that people will engage in a health behavior based on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem and the pros and cons of adopting the behavior; perceived threat is influenced by:
- perceived seriousness
- perceived susceptibility
- cues to action
What are the six sources of self-efficacy information?
1) past performance experience
2) vicarious experience
3) verbal persuasion
4) physiological state
5) emotional state and mood appraisals
6) imaginal experiences
What is the transtheoretical model of behavioral change (TTM)? (also called stage of change model)
a theory of behavior that examines one’s readiness to change and identifies 5 stages of change?
What are the 4 components of TTM?
1) stages of change
2) processes of change
3) self-efficacy
4) decisional balance
What are the 5 stages of change in TTM?
1) precontemplation
2) contemplation
3) preparation
4) action
5) maintenance
precontemplation
- sedentary
- don’t see relevance of activity
- may discount being active
goal: to make inactivity a relevant issue and to start thinking about being active
contemplation
- still sedentary
- considering activity as important
- still not ready to commit
goal: to get involved in some type of activity
preparation
- some sporadic physical activity
- prepared to a adopt a program
goal: regular physical activity participation
action
- doing regular physical activity (for less than 6 months)
goal: maintain regular physical activity
maintenance
- doing regular physical activity (for more than 6 months)
goal: prevent relapse and maintained continued activity
Decisional Balance
refers to the # of pros and cons about adopting and/or maintaining an activity program; people in the early stages of TTM will perceive more cons
Operant Conditioning
the process by which behaviors are influenced by their consequences and that may lead to adopting some behaviors and avoiding others
antecedents–> behaviors–> consequences
antecedents
stimuli that precede a behavior and often signal the likely consequences of the behavior
- can be manipulated
- antecedent influence on behavior is called stimulus control
consequences
what happens when the behavior is executed particularly when there is the presentation, occurrence, or removal of a positive or negative stimuli
positive reinforcement
presentation of a positive stimulus that increases the likelihood that the behavior will reoccur in the future
negative reinforcement
removal or avoidance of aversive stimuli following undesirable behavior increases the chances the behavior will reoccur (bad!)
stimulus control
a means to break the connection between events or other stimuli and a behavior; in behavioral science sometimes called “cue extinction”
Extinction
the removal of a positive stimulus that has in the past followed a behavior
punishment
causes a decrease in the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring and consists of averse stimulus following an undesirable behavior
shaping
the process of using reinforcements to gradually achieve a target behavior
- starts with a skill the client is currently capable of doing
- skill demands are raised, reinforcement is given as more is accomplish
What are the three major behavior change strategies?
1) stimulus control
2) written agreements and behavioral contracts
3) cognitive behavioral techniques
What are some cognitive behavioral techniques?
- goal setting
- feedback
- decision making
- self monitoring
