Chapter 4: Basics of Behavioral Change And Health Psychology Flashcards
What does the theory called the “Health Belief Model” state?
The health belief model predicts that people will engage in a health behavior (exercise) based on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem
AND the pros and cons of adopting behavior
- PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY
- PERCEIVED SERIOUSNESS OF THREAT
- CUE TO ACTION (a sign; either physical or a seed is sown in their mind)
What is Self-Efficacy?
a subjective perception of one’s own ability to succeed
What are some indications someone has HIGH self-efficacy?
- Choose Challenging Tasks
- Set Goals
- Committed to Mastery of Tasks
- Increase efforts when challenged
- Work to overcome obstacles
- Recover from setbacks
- Give 💯% effort
What are some indications someone has LOW self-efficacy?
- Choose non-threatening tasks
- Display minimal effort
(to protect themselves from failure) - Do not recover from setbacks
- Give up
What is “Operant Conditioning” ?
A learning approach that considers the manner in which behaviors are influenced by their consequences
What is “Decisional Balance”?
One of the four components of the Transtheoretical Model; refers to the numbers of pros and cons and individual perceives regarding adopting/maintaining an activity program
What are some common causes of relapse?
- Moving
- Starting School
- Family Changes
- Injury
What are “Antecedents” and “Stimulus Control?”
Stimuli that precede a behavior and often signal likely result of the behavior
For example: setting an alarm to prevent being late for an exercise session (stimulus control)
What is “Positive Reinforcement”?
The presentation of a positive stimulus that increases the likelihood that the behavior will be formed again
What is “Negative Reinforcement”?
Removal or avoidance of aversive stimuli following undesired behavior
Example: if a client is late and the trainer doesn’t mention it and simply extends the appointment then the client will likely be late again. It’s better to hold the client accountable
What is “Extinction” when we’re talking about consequences and stimulus control?
Extinction is when the positive stimulus is removed and therefore the likelihood of the positive behavior reoccurring will decrease
What effect does Punishment have on behavior?
Punishment decreases the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring, and consists of an aversive stimulus after an undesirable behavior
Example: if a tardy client was told that his appointment was canceled due to his tardiness and that he must be on time for his workout session, he will likely not be late again
Punishment must be used sparingly as to not decrease enjoyment
What is “Shaping”?
Shaping refers to the process of using reinforcements to gradually achieve a target behavior. This process begins with the performance of a basic skill that the client is currently capable of doing. The skill demands are then gradually raised and reinforcement is given as more is accomplished
