Chapter 2: Principles Of Motivation And Adherence

Question 1

Define Self-efficacy

Answer 1

One’s Perception of his/her ability to change or to perform specific behaviors (e.g. exercise)

Self efficacy influences thought patterns, emotional responses, and behavior

Their thoughts affect their attitude, effort and persistence

Design programs to build their confidence and self efficacy

Question 2

What are some strategies to help maintain Client Motivation?

Answer 2

Educate clients about the following:

• Social Support
• Assertiveness (assoc. w/ confidence)
• Self-regulation
• High-risk situations

Question 3

What are the three categories (and examples) of the factors influencing exercise adherence?

Answer 3

1. Personal Attributes-
   (demographics, health status, activity history, psychological traits, knowledge/attitude/beliefs)
2. Environmental Factors-
   (access to facilities, time, social support)
3. Physical-Activity Factors
   (intensity, injury)

Question 4

What’s the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic feedback?

Answer 4

1. Extrinsic Feedback-
   (reinforcement, error correction, encouragement)
2. Intrinsic Feedback-
   (what the client thinks/feels about their own progress)
   »Intrinsic is more important for adherence

Question 5

What are the component’s of being an effective leader?

Answer 5

• Professionalism
• Client-trainer Trust
• Effective Listening Ability
• Excitement/Passion for Program
• Genuine Concern for Client

Question 6

Define “rapport”

Answer 6

A relationship marked by mutual understanding and trust

Question 7

Describe the Trainer’s role in building adherence

Answer 7

1. Program Design:
   - safe and effective
   - take client’s preferences into consideration
2. Role Clarity:
   - write down what the common goal is and clearly define what is my part and what is the client’s part in achieving our goal
3. Goal Setting:
   -an opportunity to further discern client’s true wants/needs
   Specific
   Measurable
   Attainable
   Relevant
   Time-bound
4. Contracts/Agreements
   - a written agreement for the purpose of creating clarity and an accurate perception of what the client should expect, what the program entails, and the rationale for the program design

Question 8

What type of goal will most likely enhance program participation and adherence?

Answer 8

A series of progressively attainable short-term goals

Question 9

Which factor is most likely unrelated to exercise adherence?

Answer 9

Age has been shown to be unrelated to adherence levels when examined in supervised exercise settings

Question 10

Define Locus of Control

Answer 10

The degree to which people attribute outcomes to internal factors, such as effort and ability, as opposed to external factors, such as luck or the actions of others.

Internal vs. External Locus of Control is about their belief system. Do they believe events/outcomes are based on internal factors or external factors?

Question 11

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 11

Trainer provides client with extrinsic feedback:

• Reinforcement
• Error Correction
• Encouragement
• Feedback regarding progress and performance
• Feedback From Trainer tapers off as a client becomes more self-sufficient they must start relying on themselves for intrinsic feedback

Question 12

What is Intrinsic Feedback?

Answer 12

• It’s the feedback the client thinks themselves
• Intrinsic feedback is more crucial to a clients adherence
• Teach your client to gain knowledge of results which is essential to recognizing progress and necessary for client adherence