Chapter 14: Special Populations

Question 1

S.O.A.P.

Answer 1

Stands for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan. This acronym is commonly used in the form of an index card to allow healthcare providers to document patient progress

Subjective: symptoms, challenges with program, progress made

Objective: measurements of vital signs, height, weight, age, posture, and exercise

Assessment: current status based on the S and O measures

Plan: a description of the next steps of the program based on the assessment

Question 2

General guidelines for working with clients of special populations (disease)

Answer 2

-Low to moderate intensity
-Progress gradually
-Individualized program based on condition
-Cleared by physician to exercise

Question 3

Comorbidities

Answer 3

A person with heart disease, diabetes, and who is also overweight

Question 4

Atherosclerosis

Answer 4

Narrowing of the coronary arteries inhibiting blood flow to and from the heart

Question 5

Dyslipidemia

Answer 5

A condition characterized by abnormal blood lipid profiles such as
-elevated cholesterol
-elevated triglycerides
-elevated LDL cholesterol
-low levels of HDL cholesterol

Question 6

Angina

Answer 6

Chest pain due to lack of blood flow to the heart

Question 7

Arrhythmias

Answer 7

Abnormal heart beat

Question 8

Dyspnea

Answer 8

Shortness of breath

Question 9

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 9

-Most common type of stroke

-When the blood supply to the brain is cut off

• t-PA drug must be administered within 3 hours of the stroke for recovery

Question 10

Hemorrhage Stroke

Answer 10

When a blood vessel in the brain bursts

Question 11

Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease
(PAOD)

Answer 11

-Most common type of PVD

-Caused by atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, consequently blood flow distal to the lesion is reduced

Question 12

Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease
(PVOD)

Answer 12

Characterized by muscular pain caused by ischemia, or lack of blood flow to the muscle

Dull, aching, cramping pain and usually reproducible at a given exercise workload. Many individuals can only walk a limited distance before needing to rest

Question 13

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 13

Develops when the bodies immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells that are responsible for producing insulin

Symptoms:
Excessive thirst and hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision, and recurrent infections

Question 14

Type II Diabetes

Answer 14

As the demand for insulin rises, the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce it. The combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin production leads to frequent states of hyperglycemia

Question 15

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 15

A form of glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy

Women with GDM Are at higher risk for gestational hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, and C-Section delivery

Higher chance with older women, family history of type ii diabetes, and non-Caucasian women

Question 16

Ischemia

Answer 16

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.

Question 17

Metastasis

Answer 17

Uncontrolled growth or spread of cells

Question 18

Osteopenia

Answer 18

Bone mineral density between 1.0-2.5 below the mean

Question 19

Osteoporosis

Answer 19

Low bone mass density
2.5 or more standard deviation below the mean

Question 20

Osteoarthritis

Answer 20

Results from overuse, trauma, obesity, degeneration

Question 21

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 21

An autoimmune disease characterized by joint pain, swelling, severe stiffness, and contractures

Question 22

American College of Rheumatoid Criteria for Classification of Functional Status

Answer 22

Class 1: fully functional

Class 2: limited in avocational activities (recreational, leisure activity)

Class 3: limited in vocational and avocational (job, leisure activities)

Class 4: limited in ability to perform self-care, vocational, and avocational activities

Question 23

Paresthesis

Answer 23

Prickling; pins and needles feeling

Question 24

Spinal Stenosis

Answer 24

A narrowing of the spinal canal

Commonly caused from age-related wear and tear

Question 25

Pre-eclampsia during Pregnancy

Answer 25

1. HBP
2. Swelling of hands and feet
3. Protein in Urine