Chapter 14: Special Populations Flashcards
S.O.A.P.
Stands for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan. This acronym is commonly used in the form of an index card to allow healthcare providers to document patient progress
Subjective: symptoms, challenges with program, progress made
Objective: measurements of vital signs, height, weight, age, posture, and exercise
Assessment: current status based on the S and O measures
Plan: a description of the next steps of the program based on the assessment
General guidelines for working with clients of special populations (disease)
-Low to moderate intensity
-Progress gradually
-Individualized program based on condition
-Cleared by physician to exercise
Comorbidities
A person with heart disease, diabetes, and who is also overweight
Atherosclerosis
Narrowing of the coronary arteries inhibiting blood flow to and from the heart
Dyslipidemia
A condition characterized by abnormal blood lipid profiles such as
-elevated cholesterol
-elevated triglycerides
-elevated LDL cholesterol
-low levels of HDL cholesterol
Angina
Chest pain due to lack of blood flow to the heart
Arrhythmias
Abnormal heart beat
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
Ischemic Stroke
-Most common type of stroke
-When the blood supply to the brain is cut off
- t-PA drug must be administered within 3 hours of the stroke for recovery
Hemorrhage Stroke
When a blood vessel in the brain bursts
Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease
(PAOD)
-Most common type of PVD
-Caused by atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, consequently blood flow distal to the lesion is reduced
Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease
(PVOD)
Characterized by muscular pain caused by ischemia, or lack of blood flow to the muscle
Dull, aching, cramping pain and usually reproducible at a given exercise workload. Many individuals can only walk a limited distance before needing to rest
Type 1 Diabetes
Develops when the bodies immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells that are responsible for producing insulin
Symptoms:
Excessive thirst and hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision, and recurrent infections
Type II Diabetes
As the demand for insulin rises, the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce it. The combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin production leads to frequent states of hyperglycemia
Gestational Diabetes
A form of glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy
Women with GDM Are at higher risk for gestational hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, and C-Section delivery
Higher chance with older women, family history of type ii diabetes, and non-Caucasian women
Ischemia
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.
Metastasis
Uncontrolled growth or spread of cells
Osteopenia
Bone mineral density between 1.0-2.5 below the mean
Osteoporosis
Low bone mass density
2.5 or more standard deviation below the mean
Osteoarthritis
Results from overuse, trauma, obesity, degeneration
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease characterized by joint pain, swelling, severe stiffness, and contractures
American College of Rheumatoid Criteria for Classification of Functional Status
Class 1: fully functional
Class 2: limited in avocational activities (recreational, leisure activity)
Class 3: limited in vocational and avocational (job, leisure activities)
Class 4: limited in ability to perform self-care, vocational, and avocational activities
Paresthesis
Prickling; pins and needles feeling
Spinal Stenosis
A narrowing of the spinal canal
Commonly caused from age-related wear and tear
Pre-eclampsia during Pregnancy
- HBP
- Swelling of hands and feet
- Protein in Urine
