Chapter 4 - Archaea Flashcards
_____ and ___ studied the phylogeny of living organisms in the 19__s.
Woese and Fox, 70
The ___________ were the first portion termed “archeons”
methanogens
Halobacterium salinarium require ___ to ___M of ____ for growth.
3.0 to 5.0, NaCl
Pryococcus furiosus require _____ for growth.
100°C
Picrophilus oshimae require _____ for growth.
0.7 pH
Methanogenium frigidum require ____ for growth.
15°C
Archaea are usually ___ to ___ μm in diameter.
0.5 to 5
both archaea and ________ possess singular, circular chromosomes and lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
bacteria
________ form structures that DNA wrap around ( similar to Eukarya but the structure/wrapping is different).
histones
All archaeon have a ______ ________ and most have a ____ ____. Both structures are _________ from their equivalent in other domains.
plasma membrane, cell wall, different
The Archaeal plasma membrane has a different bulayer construction and can be a _________ or a _______.
monolayer, bilayer
The archaeal _________ is more stable in higher temperatures.
monolayer
Some archaeal species have cell walls composed of ____________ (slight difference from peptidoglycan structure)
pseudomurein
A single layer of many identical armorlike subunits that protect against predation/viruses and to mediate adhesion.
S-layer
Hollow glycoprotein tubes that link cells together to form a complex network.
cannulae
Flagella in archaeons are different from bacteria because they are _______.
thinner
The most well-characterized archaeons can be classified in either the _____________ or _____________ phylum.
euryarchaeota, crenarchaeota
Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at temperatures greater than 55°C.
Thermophiles
Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at temperatures greater than 80°C.
Hyperthermophiles
Members of Crenarchaeota; thriving in low pH (acidic environments).
acidophiles
Members of Crenarchaeota; thriving in high pressures (e.g. @ the bottom of the ocean).
barophiles
Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at normal temperatures (15 to 40°C).
mesophiles
Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at low temperatures (<15°C).
psychrophiles
Euryarchaeota; found in anaerobic environments and produce methane (CH4) from CO2.
mathanogens
Euryarchaeota: found in anaerobic environments and produce methane from CO2.
methanogens
Euryarchaeota; found in very high salt environments (>1.5M)
halophiles
