Chapter 4 - Archaea

Question 1

_____ and ___ studied the phylogeny of living organisms in the 19__s.

Answer 1

Woese and Fox, 70

Question 2

The ___________ were the first portion termed “archeons”

Answer 2

methanogens

Question 3

Halobacterium salinarium require ___ to ___M of ____ for growth.

Answer 3

3.0 to 5.0, NaCl

Question 4

Pryococcus furiosus require _____ for growth.

Answer 4

100°C

Question 5

Picrophilus oshimae require _____ for growth.

Answer 5

0.7 pH

Question 6

Methanogenium frigidum require ____ for growth.

Answer 6

15°C

Question 7

Archaea are usually ___ to ___ μm in diameter.

Answer 7

0.5 to 5

Question 8

both archaea and ________ possess singular, circular chromosomes and lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Answer 8

bacteria

Question 9

________ form structures that DNA wrap around ( similar to Eukarya but the structure/wrapping is different).

Answer 9

histones

Question 10

All archaeon have a ______ ________ and most have a ____ ____. Both structures are _________ from their equivalent in other domains.

Answer 10

plasma membrane, cell wall, different

Question 11

The Archaeal plasma membrane has a different bulayer construction and can be a _________ or a _______.

Answer 11

monolayer, bilayer

Question 12

The archaeal _________ is more stable in higher temperatures.

Answer 12

monolayer

Question 13

Some archaeal species have cell walls composed of ____________ (slight difference from peptidoglycan structure)

Answer 13

pseudomurein

Question 14

A single layer of many identical armorlike subunits that protect against predation/viruses and to mediate adhesion.

Answer 14

S-layer

Question 15

Hollow glycoprotein tubes that link cells together to form a complex network.

Answer 15

cannulae

Question 16

Flagella in archaeons are different from bacteria because they are _______.

Answer 16

thinner

Question 17

The most well-characterized archaeons can be classified in either the _____________ or _____________ phylum.

Answer 17

euryarchaeota, crenarchaeota

Question 18

Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at temperatures greater than 55°C.

Answer 18

Thermophiles

Question 19

Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at temperatures greater than 80°C.

Answer 19

Hyperthermophiles

Question 20

Members of Crenarchaeota; thriving in low pH (acidic environments).

Answer 20

acidophiles

Question 21

Members of Crenarchaeota; thriving in high pressures (e.g. @ the bottom of the ocean).

Answer 21

barophiles

Question 22

Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at normal temperatures (15 to 40°C).

Answer 22

mesophiles

Question 23

Members of Crenarchaeota; grow at low temperatures (<15°C).

Answer 23

psychrophiles

Question 24

Euryarchaeota; found in anaerobic environments and produce methane (CH4) from CO2.

Answer 24

mathanogens

Question 25

Euryarchaeota: found in anaerobic environments and produce methane from CO2.

Answer 25

methanogens

Question 26

Euryarchaeota; found in very high salt environments (>1.5M)

Answer 26

halophiles