Chapter 3 - Eukaryal Microbes

Question 1

Eukaryal cells are defined by the presences of a ________-_____ _______.

Answer 1

membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

Eukaryal cells are usually ______ than bacterial and archaeal cells.

Answer 2

larger

Question 3

Eukaryal cells contain intracellular compartments called __________.

Answer 3

organelles

Question 4

The nucleus plays a role in _______ and __________ of information.

Answer 4

storage and expression

Question 5

The __________ (non-membrane bound) exists within the nucleus and is responsible for ribosome synthesis.

Answer 5

nucleolous

Question 6

Spatial Separation means that transcription occurs in the _______ and translation occurs in the _________.

Answer 6

nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 7

The secretory pathway, responsible for packaging and secreting proteins, uses the ___________ _________ (__) and ____ _________.

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus

Question 8

The ____________ and ___________ play a role in metabolism.

Answer 8

mitochondria, chloroplasts

Question 9

The process where ions move across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient that can be used to make ATP.

Answer 9

chemiosmosis

Question 10

Chloroplasts use ATP for carbon fixation, which fixes carbon into an organic compound (often _______ ).

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are ____________ because they have their own DNA, ribosomes and transcription machinery and can replicate _____________ . This is the ____________ theory.

Answer 11

semiautonomous, independently, endosymbiotic

Question 12

The ability to maintain an internal environment despite changes to the outside. This is a function of the ______ ________.

Answer 12

homeostasis, plasma membrane

Question 13

What is the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that allow molecule transport called?

Answer 13

fluid mosaic model

Question 14

The structural component of _____’s cell wall is chitin.

Answer 14

fungi

Question 15

________ has no cell wall.

Answer 15

protozoa

Question 16

The structural component of _____’s cell wall is cellulose.

Answer 16

algae

Question 17

What 3 major structures comprise the eukaryal cytoskeleton?

Answer 17

1. Microfilament
2. Microtubules
3. Intermediate Filiments

Question 18

Motion is achieved by _____ (non-motile) and ________ (motile).

Answer 18

cilia, flagella

Question 19

_____ organisms have been studied so thoroughly that their traits define much of our scientific understanding about eukaryal cells.

Answer 19

Model

Question 20

Saccharomyces cerevisiae =

Answer 20

fungi/yeast model organism, heterotroph

Question 21

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to …

Answer 21

make bread, beer and wine

Question 22

Giardia Lamblia =

Answer 22

protozoa model organism

Question 23

_______ _______ causes human disease (intestinal infection)

Answer 23

Giardia lamblia

Question 24

Dictyostelium discoideum =

Answer 24

slime mold model organism

Question 25

Model for studying ecology, cell motility and cell-cell communication.

Answer 25

Dictyostelium discoideum

Question 26

Chlamydomonas =

Answer 26

algae model organism

Question 27

_____________ has a two-flagella structure making it good for studying eukaryal flagella biogenesis and function.

Answer 27

Chlamydomonas

Question 28

Chlamydia is caused by ________ _________ (not _____________).

Answer 28

bacterial infections, Chlamydomonas

Question 29

The copying of one nucleus into two nuclei.

Answer 29

mitosis

Question 30

This is achieved by one round of DNA replication and two rounds of cell division.

Answer 30

meiosis

Question 31

Separation of maternal/paternal genetics and the process of crossing over creates chances for _______ _____________.

Answer 31

genetic recombination

Question 32

Saccharomyces undergo _______ under environmental stress to form a spore case (called _____)

Answer 32

meiosis, ascus

Question 33

Saccharomyces undergoes _______ in different ways (budding off and fission)

Answer 33

mitosis

Question 34

During favorable conditions, one would expect to see motile _______ cells of Chlamydomonas.

Answer 34

HAPLOID

Question 35

(Chlamydomonas) When conditions become bad, _______ cells differentiate and become _______, forming a protective spore until conditions get better.

Answer 35

haploid, diploid

Question 36

_____________ exists in haploid unicellular form until conditions worsen.

Answer 36

Dictyostelium

Question 37

(Dictyostelium) Eventually, _______ cells fuse into _______ microcyst form.

Answer 37

haploid, diploid

Question 38

Eukaryotes appeared around ___ to ___ bya.

Answer 38

2.1 to 1.6

Question 39

The theory that one primitive microbe ingested another, forming a symbiosis (explains mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Answer 39

Endosymbiotic Theory

Question 40

3 main lines of evidence of the Endosymbiotic Theory:

Answer 40

1. mitochondria/chloroplasts resemble bacteria in both size and shape
2. arrangement of double membranes around these structures is consistent with ingestion idea
3. each has its own DNA, and that DNA sequence is much more like bacteria than eukaryotic DNA

Question 41

Protozoa can cause significant human ________.

Answer 41

diseases

Question 42

Plasmodium falciparum is the protozoa responsible for the _______ disease.

Answer 42

malaria

Question 43

Trypanosoma brucei is the protozoa responsible for _______ ________ ________ .

Answer 43

African Sleeping Sickness

Question 44

This protozoa forms cysts in the brain and muscles.

Answer 44

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 45

Examples of fungal infections are ________ ____ and ____ ______.

Answer 45

athletes foot, oral thrush

Question 46

protozoa and fungi can cause significant disease in ______. Ex:

Answer 46

plants, potato blight and the great Irish famine in the mid 1800s

Question 47

Many eukaryal microbes are _______ ________ (providing energy) or ____________ (recyclying nutrients).

Answer 47

primary producers, biodegraders