Chapter 4

Question 1

perception

Answer 1

to make meaning out of others’ behaviors (process)

Question 2

3 Stages of Perception

Answer 2

1. selection
2. organization
3. interpretation

Question 3

Selection

Answer 3

the process of attending to stimulus:

• unusual / unexpected
• frequency of exposure
• intensity of the stimulus

Question 4

Organization

Answer 4

the process of categorizing information that has been selected for attention

Question 5

Interpretation

Answer 5

the process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected for attention and organized from personal experience, knowledge of the persons, and closeness of the relationship

Question 6

Influences of perception

Answer 6

• physiological states and traits (i.e. morning and night people)
• cultures and co-cultures
• social roles

Question 7

social roles

Answer 7

set of behaviors expected in a particular social situation

Question 8

7 Fundamental Forces in Interpersonal Perception

Answer 8

1. stereotypes relies on generalizations
2. the primary effect governs first impressions
3. recency effect
4. perceptual set limits what we perceive
5. egocentrism narrows our perspective
6. positivity bias
7. negativity bias

Question 9

attributions

Answer 9

explanations for an observed behavior

Question 10

common attributions errors

Answer 10

• self-serving bias
• fundamental attribution error
• over attribution

Question 11

stereotypes

Answer 11

generalizations about groups of people that are applied to individual members of the group

Question 12

primary effect

Answer 12

the tendency to emphasize the first impression over later impressions when forming perceptions

Question 13

recency effect

Answer 13

the tendency to emphasize the most recent impression over earlier impressions when forming a perception

Question 14

perceptual set

Answer 14

predisposition to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive

Question 15

egocentrism

Answer 15

unable to take another person’s perspective

Question 16

altercentric

Answer 16

focused on the other person’s perspective

Question 17

positivity bias

Answer 17

tendency to focus heavily on a person’s positive attributes when forming a perception

Question 18

negativity bias

Answer 18

tendency to focus heavily on a person’s negative attributes when forming a perception

Question 19

overattribution

Answer 19

the tendency to attribute a range of behaviors to a single characteristic of a person