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Psychology 100 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

William Janes 1894

A

Influenced psychology
-life is like a river
Ex: consciousness is always flowing, it is unified but still different

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness

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2
Q

Historical view of psychologists’ focus

A

Introspection -> overt behavior -> consciousness

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3
Q

Introspection

A

Trying to look inward (how do you feel, what do you know)

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4
Q

Overt behavior

A
  • observable behavior
  • what could you observe
  • how you behave
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5
Q

Parallel processing

A
  • defined by Daniel Dennett

- you can process multiple things at the same time (unconscious and conscious )

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6
Q

Serial processing

A
  • defined by Daniel Dennnett

- focus on one thing, then the next, in sequence (consciousness)

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7
Q

Stages of sleep

A

N1 (stage 1 NREM)
N2 (stage 2 NREM)
N3 (stage 3 and 4 NREM)
R (REM Sleep)

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8
Q

Frequency

Brainwave property

A

How fast-speed

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9
Q

Amplitude

Brainwave property

A

How big the wave is

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10
Q

Regularity

Brainwave property

A

How regular the waves look

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11
Q

Beta waves

A

Awake and alert

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13
Q

Alpha

A
  • Fast but little waves

- seen in state of relaxed wakefulness

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14
Q

Stage N1

A
  • Theta waves

- Falling asleep

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15
Q

Stage N2

A
  • Sleep spindles
  • K-complex
  • Multiple sleep waves (asleep)
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16
Q

Stage N3

3 and 4

A
  • Slow wave sleep
  • Deepest sleep
  • 3-4 hours
  • Growth hormone released
  • Delta waves
  • Cortical neurons firing at the same time
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17
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

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18
Q

Effects of sleep deprivation

A

Physical, Cognitive, Emotional

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19
Q

Adaptive Theory of Sleep

A
  • (Evolution)
  • “When we sleep”
  • Sleeping at the right time keeps the prey from being eaten
  • When predators are around they sleep to be hidden
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20
Q

Restorative Theory of Sleep

A
  • “Why we sleep”

- We sleep to restore and repair our body (growth hormone)

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21
Q

microsleep

A

brief period of falling asleep

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22
Q

Circadian rythms

A
  • Melatonin
  • Serotonin
  • Body temperature
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23
Q

Melatonin

A
  • released right before sleep

- Pituitary gland tells Pineal gland to release melatonin

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24
Q

Seratonin

A

-More Seratonin= sleepier

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25
Body Temperature
When body temperature decreases, you feel sleepier
26
Insomnia Sleep Disorder
- Problems waking up at night and not falling back asleep - Problems going to sleep - Waking up early and cannot go back to sleep
27
Sleep Apnea
- Breathing stops during sleep (snoring) | - People with sleep Apnea feel sleep deprived because they constantly wake up and don't know it
28
Cures of Sleep Apnea
- Continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAC) = deeper sleep - Removal of the Uvula
29
Night Terrors
- Don't have a reason - scream at night (infants and kids) - N3
30
Sleepwalking
Somnambulism | -N3
31
Bruxism
-Grinding of teeth (stress)
32
Narcolepsy
- REM sleep - Heritable, can breed narcoleptic dogs - Fall into a REM sleep state - Lose muscle and fall into sleep and dream
33
Cataplexy
-Can't move, but can see and hear everything
34
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
- Normal mechanisms do not work | - Act out their dreams
35
Dreams
- Mostly in REM, some in NREM - Happen in real time - Common themes (sexual experiences, dead people as though alive, being attacked, falling) - Incorporate environmental stimuli (alarm clock in dream)
36
Nightmares
- Story like nightmares | - REM Sleep
37
Lucid Dreams
-Being able to control your own dream
38
Brain Activity during REM Sleep
- Primary Sensory areas are shut down and aren't receiving info - Frontal cortex (planning) is shut down......dreams are unplanned....Can't remember dreams because of this - Amygdala is turned on (emotion/rage) - Hippocampus is on (pulls stored info) - Motor cortex is on
39
Sigmund Freud
- wish-fulfillment | - fulfilling your wishes
40
Manifest content
-Details of dream
41
Latent content
-Symbolic content
42
Activation-Synthesis Hypotheses
Association areas randomly activate areas
43
Activation-Information-Mode Model
Dream information relates to problems in daily life
44
SWS & REM Sleep
Help with learning and memory
45
Psychoactive Drugs
-Effects cognition, perception, memory and emotion
46
Addiction
-Compelled/cumpulsion to take drugs
47
Drug abuse
- Legal troubles, problems with work, which is why the abuse | - Are able to stop
48
Physical dependence
When you take drugs chronically, your body and brain adapt to where you have to take more to feel it (tolerance)
49
Withdrawal
- Experience unpleasant, physical symptoms. | - Taking drugs chronically, and then stopping, gives you the opposite effect of the drug
50
Psychological dependence
-Individual has the BELIEF in their mind, that they need the drug to continue functioning
51
Signs of dependece
Compulsive use, loss of control, disregard for consequences
52
Stimulants
Stimulation, Excitement - Amphetamines - Cocaine: blocks reputake of Dopamine - Nicotine (agonist) and caffeine
53
Depressants
Decreases CNS activity (drowsiness etc.) - Barbiturates (major tranq) - Benzodiazepines (minor tranq) - agonist - Librium, Valium, Ativan, Xanax, Halcion - Alcohol: enhancing inhibitory activity, inhibits the inhibitors, increases gabba, worst withdrawal - Inhalants (paint thinners, white-out, effect can be toxic)
54
Opiates
Acts as an agonist to mimic our natural pain reliever Neurotransmitter - Opium (natural) - Heroin, Morphine - Codeine, Vicodin (50/50 opium and tylenol), Oxycotin
55
Psychedelics/Hallucinogens
False sensory perception - Synesthesia: senses mix - Mescaline, Peyote, Psilocybin - LSD (acid) - MDMA (Ecstasy): massive relief of seratonin (hug drug) - PCP (angel dust) Ketamine (special K): Dissociate from environment while feeling pain relief - Marijuana- agonist, mimics cannanaboid
56
Morphine, heroin, and methadone
are derived from opium
57
Which theory suggests that dreams are a mental response to random bursts of neural stimulation
activation-synthesis theory
58
Chemical substances that change moods and perceptions are called
psychoactive drugs
59
Amphetamines are to _____ as inhalants are to ______
stimulants, depressants
60
The Pituitary gland is particularly likely to release a growth hormone during
slow-wave sleep
61
In large doses, alcohol is a _____; in smaller amounts it is a _____
depressant, depressant
62
Vivid dreams often involve sudden suprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams
are triggered by random bursts of neural activity
63
The deepest stage of sleep is
N3 sleep
64
The stage of sleep marked by the production of very slow delta wave is
N3 sleep
65
Alcohol actually ____ the release of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits many brain functions
stimulates

Psychology 100 (12 decks)

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