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Psychology 100 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

William Janes 1894

A

Influenced psychology
-life is like a river
Ex: consciousness is always flowing, it is unified but still different

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness

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2
Q

Historical view of psychologists’ focus

A

Introspection -> overt behavior -> consciousness

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3
Q

Introspection

A

Trying to look inward (how do you feel, what do you know)

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4
Q

Overt behavior

A
  • observable behavior
  • what could you observe
  • how you behave
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5
Q

Parallel processing

A
  • defined by Daniel Dennett

- you can process multiple things at the same time (unconscious and conscious )

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6
Q

Serial processing

A
  • defined by Daniel Dennnett

- focus on one thing, then the next, in sequence (consciousness)

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7
Q

Stages of sleep

A

N1 (stage 1 NREM)
N2 (stage 2 NREM)
N3 (stage 3 and 4 NREM)
R (REM Sleep)

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8
Q

Frequency

Brainwave property

A

How fast-speed

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9
Q

Amplitude

Brainwave property

A

How big the wave is

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10
Q

Regularity

Brainwave property

A

How regular the waves look

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11
Q

Beta waves

A

Awake and alert

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13
Q

Alpha

A
  • Fast but little waves

- seen in state of relaxed wakefulness

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14
Q

Stage N1

A
  • Theta waves

- Falling asleep

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15
Q

Stage N2

A
  • Sleep spindles
  • K-complex
  • Multiple sleep waves (asleep)
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16
Q

Stage N3

3 and 4

A
  • Slow wave sleep
  • Deepest sleep
  • 3-4 hours
  • Growth hormone released
  • Delta waves
  • Cortical neurons firing at the same time
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17
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

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18
Q

Effects of sleep deprivation

A

Physical, Cognitive, Emotional

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19
Q

Adaptive Theory of Sleep

A
  • (Evolution)
  • “When we sleep”
  • Sleeping at the right time keeps the prey from being eaten
  • When predators are around they sleep to be hidden
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20
Q

Restorative Theory of Sleep

A
  • “Why we sleep”

- We sleep to restore and repair our body (growth hormone)

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21
Q

microsleep

A

brief period of falling asleep

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22
Q

Circadian rythms

A
  • Melatonin
  • Serotonin
  • Body temperature
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23
Q

Melatonin

A
  • released right before sleep

- Pituitary gland tells Pineal gland to release melatonin

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24
Q

Seratonin

A

-More Seratonin= sleepier

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25
Q

Body Temperature

A

When body temperature decreases, you feel sleepier

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26
Q

Insomnia Sleep Disorder

A
  • Problems waking up at night and not falling back asleep
  • Problems going to sleep
  • Waking up early and cannot go back to sleep
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27
Q

Sleep Apnea

A
  • Breathing stops during sleep (snoring)

- People with sleep Apnea feel sleep deprived because they constantly wake up and don’t know it

28
Q

Cures of Sleep Apnea

A
  • Continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAC) = deeper sleep
  • Removal of the Uvula
29
Q

Night Terrors

A
  • Don’t have a reason
  • scream at night (infants and kids)
  • N3
30
Q

Sleepwalking

A

Somnambulism

-N3

31
Q

Bruxism

A

-Grinding of teeth (stress)

32
Q

Narcolepsy

A
  • REM sleep
  • Heritable, can breed narcoleptic dogs
  • Fall into a REM sleep state
  • Lose muscle and fall into sleep and dream
33
Q

Cataplexy

A

-Can’t move, but can see and hear everything

34
Q

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

A
  • Normal mechanisms do not work

- Act out their dreams

35
Q

Dreams

A
  • Mostly in REM, some in NREM
  • Happen in real time
  • Common themes (sexual experiences, dead people as though alive, being attacked, falling)
  • Incorporate environmental stimuli (alarm clock in dream)
36
Q

Nightmares

A
  • Story like nightmares

- REM Sleep

37
Q

Lucid Dreams

A

-Being able to control your own dream

38
Q

Brain Activity during REM Sleep

A
  • Primary Sensory areas are shut down and aren’t receiving info
  • Frontal cortex (planning) is shut down……dreams are unplanned….Can’t remember dreams because of this
  • Amygdala is turned on (emotion/rage)
  • Hippocampus is on (pulls stored info)
  • Motor cortex is on
39
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • wish-fulfillment

- fulfilling your wishes

40
Q

Manifest content

A

-Details of dream

41
Q

Latent content

A

-Symbolic content

42
Q

Activation-Synthesis Hypotheses

A

Association areas randomly activate areas

43
Q

Activation-Information-Mode Model

A

Dream information relates to problems in daily life

44
Q

SWS & REM Sleep

A

Help with learning and memory

45
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

-Effects cognition, perception, memory and emotion

46
Q

Addiction

A

-Compelled/cumpulsion to take drugs

47
Q

Drug abuse

A
  • Legal troubles, problems with work, which is why the abuse

- Are able to stop

48
Q

Physical dependence

A

When you take drugs chronically, your body and brain adapt to where you have to take more to feel it (tolerance)

49
Q

Withdrawal

A
  • Experience unpleasant, physical symptoms.

- Taking drugs chronically, and then stopping, gives you the opposite effect of the drug

50
Q

Psychological dependence

A

-Individual has the BELIEF in their mind, that they need the drug to continue functioning

51
Q

Signs of dependece

A

Compulsive use, loss of control, disregard for consequences

52
Q

Stimulants

A

Stimulation, Excitement

  • Amphetamines
  • Cocaine: blocks reputake of Dopamine
  • Nicotine (agonist) and caffeine
53
Q

Depressants

A

Decreases CNS activity (drowsiness etc.)

  • Barbiturates (major tranq)
  • Benzodiazepines (minor tranq) - agonist
    • Librium, Valium, Ativan, Xanax, Halcion
  • Alcohol: enhancing inhibitory activity, inhibits the inhibitors, increases gabba, worst withdrawal
  • Inhalants (paint thinners, white-out, effect can be toxic)
54
Q

Opiates

A

Acts as an agonist to mimic our natural pain reliever Neurotransmitter

  • Opium (natural)
  • Heroin, Morphine
  • Codeine, Vicodin (50/50 opium and tylenol), Oxycotin
55
Q

Psychedelics/Hallucinogens

A

False sensory perception

  • Synesthesia: senses mix
  • Mescaline, Peyote, Psilocybin
  • LSD (acid)
  • MDMA (Ecstasy): massive relief of seratonin (hug drug)
  • PCP (angel dust) Ketamine (special K): Dissociate from environment while feeling pain relief
  • Marijuana- agonist, mimics cannanaboid
56
Q

Morphine, heroin, and methadone

A

are derived from opium

57
Q

Which theory suggests that dreams are a mental response to random bursts of neural stimulation

A

activation-synthesis theory

58
Q

Chemical substances that change moods and perceptions are called

A

psychoactive drugs

59
Q

Amphetamines are to _____ as inhalants are to ______

A

stimulants, depressants

60
Q

The Pituitary gland is particularly likely to release a growth hormone during

A

slow-wave sleep

61
Q

In large doses, alcohol is a _____; in smaller amounts it is a _____

A

depressant, depressant

62
Q

Vivid dreams often involve sudden suprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

A

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

63
Q

The deepest stage of sleep is

A

N3 sleep

64
Q

The stage of sleep marked by the production of very slow delta wave is

A

N3 sleep

65
Q

Alcohol actually ____ the release of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits many brain functions

A

stimulates

Psychology 100 (12 decks)

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