Chapter 13

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

• Humanistic
• Behavioral
• Cognitive

Question 2

Psychologists

Answer 2

Counsels

Question 3

Psychiatrists

Answer 3

Prescribe drugs

Question 4

Behavior Therapy

Answer 4

Goal: to modify specific problem behaviors

• Maladaptive behaviors learned
• insights may not get you to change behavior

Question 5

Classical conditioning techniques

Answer 5

Counterconditioning: learning new response thats incompatible with old one

Pure form- bedwetting example:
Bedwetting if continues past a young age
Bell and Pad: bell connected to pad under sheets, when sheets feel wetness, bell bring and eventually kids learn to wakeup before bell rings and before urination

Question 6

Systematic desensitization (exposure therapy)

Answer 6

Get a certain thing paired with relaxation

1. Train people to relax (meditate)
2. Create anxiety hierarchy (1-10 of anxiety)
3. Apply to real life

Question 7

Flooding

Answer 7

Putting someone through phobia- exposing them

ex: having them hold a spider

Question 8

Averse conditioning

Answer 8

Not effective

Question 9

Operant conditioning

Answer 9

Techniques

• Reinforce incompatible behavior
• Stop reinforcing problem behavior
• Reinforce non occurrence
• Remove opportunity for positive reinforcement

Question 10

Token economies

Answer 10

Build up tokens, exchanging for points, coins, etc. for a reward later on

Question 11

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 11

• Faulty thinking is the culprit

- Identify the faulty thinking and change it

Question 12

Rational-emotive behavior therapy

Answer 12

Albert Ellis

• focus on irrational thinking
• problems explained by ABC model

Question 13

ABC Model

Answer 13

Activating event:
“Jerry’s girlfriend doesn’t like me”

Beliefs (faulty thinking):
“Everyone must like me”

Consequence:
“I’m miserable what can I do o get her to like me?”

Question 14

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 14

Steps of therapy
(must, should)
-Identify irrational beliefs
-Dispute of challenge irrational beliefs

Confrontational type of therapy
-admit irrational beliefs an accept them as irrational

Question 15

Cognitive Therapy (CT)

Answer 15

• Aaron Beck
• Similar focus as REBT
• more emphasis on “negative cognitive biases”
• “softer approach”

Steps in therapy

• Recognize automatic thoughts, beliefs, or biases
• Empirically test beliefs
• How is it different from REBT
• less confrontational
• Therapist allows patients to test their own beliefs

Question 16

Cognitive biases associated with depression

Answer 16

Selective Thinking: focusing on a single negative detail

Overgeneralization: sweeping global conclusions based on isolated incidents

Magnification: overestimate impact of negative events and underestimate impact of positive events

Question 17

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 17

Combination of the previous 2 techniques

Question 18

Eclectic approach

Answer 18

Combines many techniques

50% of therapists

Question 19

Evaluating Therapies

Answer 19

-Psychotherapy significantly more effective than “no treatment”

Yes- clients and therapies
No/maybe- meta analyses of outcomes

Question 20

Depression

Answer 20

Cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy

Question 21

Anxiety

Answer 21

Cognitive therapy, exposure therapy

Question 22

Factors contributing to therapy effectiveness

Answer 22

• therapeutic relationship (catharsis)
• Therapist characteristics (empathy)
• client characteristics
• external circumstances