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PSYCH 104 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Information from sense organs

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2
Q

Perception

A

interpretation of sensory information

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3
Q

Illusion

A

Perception that does not match reality

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4
Q

Transduction

A

process by which external stimulus is converted by a sense receptor into neural activity.

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5
Q

Perception is an

A

interpretation of sensation

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6
Q

Perception needs

A

sensation

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7
Q

Perception changes

A

due to concept

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8
Q

Absolute threshold

A

threshold of chance performance (50%) in the detection of a stimulus.

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9
Q

(JND) Just noticeable difference

A

smallest amount of stimulus change that humans can detect.

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10
Q

Webers law

A

Constant proportional relationship between JND and stimulus intensity

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11
Q

Synesthesia

A

cross-model sensations

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12
Q

Selective Attention

A

process of selecting sensory channel and ignoring/minimizing others.

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13
Q

Atleast three Examples of Synesthesia

A

When you see something and can taste it at the same time

Color associated with numbers

Emotion associated with color (Auras)

Matching certains classes with colour (Math is orange)

We associate pain with colours

Colour from music

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14
Q

Ignored/minimized stimuli

A

Still processes to some extent in some cases, we are aware of this information (E.g. Cocktail party effect)

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15
Q

Cocktail party Effect

A

We pay attention to things we’re supposed to be ignoring. Ex: At a party having a one on one conversation, you however can hear other conversation. So despite ignoring other conversation, if you hear your name across the room the stimuli gets attracted and you tune in. So not all information gets ignored, we process it unconsciously. Ignored content somehow gets through.

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16
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Stimuli that is in plain sight is not detected.

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17
Q

Change blindness

A

Stimuli that changes that is not detected. /failure to detect change in your environments.

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18
Q

Brightness

A

amount of light reflected back to the eye.

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19
Q

Hue

A

wavelength of light perceived as colour

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20
Q

Iris

A

Colored, controls how much light enters the eye through the pupil

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21
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the center of the iris where light enters the ye, can constrict or dilate.

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22
Q

Cornea

A

Bends light towards the lens

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23
Q

Lens

A

Elastic in nature (changes curvature) to reflect light to a region of the back of the eye called the retina, which is light sensitive.

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24
Q

Myopia

A

longer eyeball

25
Q

Hyperopia

A

shorter eyeball

26
Q

Retina

A

Patch of sensory receptors (rods + cones) at the back of the eye

27
Q

Fovea

A

Receptors close to the center of the retina have greatest visual acuity (sharpness of vision).

28
Q

Rods

A

Sensitive to light. Absent in the fovea. Responsible for peripheral vision. (help see in the dark)

29
Q

Cones

A

sensitive to colour. Found in the fovea. Responsible for vision at the center of the visual.

30
Q

Rods are for

A

Darkness

31
Q

Cones are for

A

Colour

32
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Bundles of Axons from ganglion cells that exit the back of the eye

33
Q

Blind Spot

A

the hole the optic nerve exits from. (no optic nerves there, just a hole)

34
Q

Opponent-Process Theory

A

Opposing colours Explains afterimages

35
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

Object Recognition is impaired due to damage to visual association cortex.

36
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Is impaired face recognition

37
Q

Sound

A

A wave of pressure caused by vibrations of objects. Physical properties of sound include pitch, loudness and timbre

38
Q

Pitch

A

Sound wave frequency (Hz)

39
Q

Loudness

A

Amplitude of the sound waves (dB)

40
Q

Timbre

A

Complexity of Sound.

41
Q

Amplitude

A

Height of the wave, Higher = Louder Lower= Quieter

42
Q

Outer Ear

A

-Helps to funnel sound towards the ear drum
-Pinna (Skin and cartilage flap)
-Ear Canal

43
Q

Middle Ear

A

-Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)

-Three Ossicles (Tiny bones) 1.Hammer (Malleus) 2. Anvil (Incus) 3.Stirrup (Stapes)

-When sound waves hit membrane it starts to move -> Hits Hammer ->Anvil ->Stirrup and turns it to a neural response that the brain can understand

44
Q

Inner Ear

A

-Sensory Organ for sound wabes

-Cochlea contains the basilar membrane and Organ of Corti

45
Q

Place Theory

A

Location along the basilar membrane matches tone and pitch

46
Q

Frequency Theory

A

Rate of action potentials related to pitch

-Rate for neural soundwaves depict sound to our brain?

47
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

48
Q

Gustation

A

Taste

49
Q

Odors

A

Airborn chemicals that interact with lining in the nasal passages.

50
Q

5 types of Taste

A

Sweet, Salty, Sour, bitter, Umami

51
Q

Pheromones

A

Odorless Chemicals that serve as a social signal to members of the same species.

52
Q

Somatosensory

A

Responds to stimuli on the skin, temperature, and injury

53
Q

Proprioception

A

Kinesthetic Sense
Good athletes, dancers, will have enhanced proprioception

54
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

Equilibrium and Balance

55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A

PSYCH 104 (11 decks)

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