Chapter 11 Flashcards
How and when to express emotion (cultural differences)
Display Rules
(western societies: boys dont cry)
What do we call a real smile
Duchenne Smile
What do you call a Fake Smile
Pan Am Smile
Event leads to a physiological and behavioral response which is then experienced as an emotion
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard Theory
Event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction
Two-Factor Theory
Event leads to physiological response and an explanation of that response which determines the emotions experienced
Unconscious influences on emotion
Mere Exposure Effect
Facial Feedback hypothesis
Mere Exposure Effect
Liking more familiar Stimuli
Seeing her more repeatedly = More liking
Facial Feedback hypothesis
Facial expressions influence the emotion experienced and this is automatic
Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior (gestures, eye rollling)
Nonverbal leakage
Proximity is the study of ________
Personal Space
Incentive Theories propose….
That we are often motivated by positive goals
Intrinsic Motivation
Participating in an activity for its own sake
Extrinsic Motivation
Participating in an activity to gain a reward
Self-Actualization
Reaching one’s own optimum potential
Set-Point Theory
We eat to maintain a Certain range of body and muscle mass
Unit Bias
People eat what they’re served
Bulimia Nervosa
Food Deprivation, regular binge eating and purging (1-3% of population)
Chronic under-eating
Anorexia Nervosa
Relies on the idea that criminals conceal knowledge about the crime that innocent people dont
Guilty Knowledge test
What are the rates of the Guilty Knowledge Test
Low False Positive Rate, High False Negative Rate
Most people are ______ ______ at detecting lies
Not Good
Low Correlation between ________ and their ability to detect lies and their accuracy
Confidence
Questionnaire that presumably assesses workers’ tendency to steal or cheat
Integrity Tests
What is Positive Psychology?
Subfield of psychology that has sought to emphasize human strengths
Curiosity, love, gratitude
Broaden and build theory
Happiness predisposes us to think more openly, allowing us to see the “big picture”
Optimists vs Pessimists
Subtle differences in longetivity, health and memory for certain details (E.G. Relating to illness)
Correlates of Happiness (Mention atleast 5)
Being married
Having many friends
Graduating College
Being deeply religious
Political affiliation
Level of gratitude
Giving to others
Being in the midst of flow
Affective forecasting
Predict our future emotional states (We are not great at it)
We believe that our good and our bad moods will last longer than they do
Durability Bias
Our moods tend to adapt to our external circumstances. We have our own happiness “set point” and movement around this set point is temporary
Hedonic Treadmill
MOTIVATION DEFINED
General term for a group og phenomena that affect the nature strength of persistence of a individual’s behaviour
Drive reduction theory
Behaviour are caused by fulfilling biological needs or “drives”, such as hunger, thirst, comfort etc
Approach-Avoidance
Occure when there is one goal or even that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously
Approach-Approach
An intrapersonal conflict when a decision is to be made from two appealing choices
Avoidance-Avoidance
Those times when an individual avois making a decision because they do not like either of the choices available to them
Double approach avoidance
The individual is faced with two goals each having positive and negative values
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Psychological Needs -> Safety needs- Belonging needs- Esteem needs- Self Actualization
Sexual Desire influenced by genes, biology, and social and cultural factors.
Libido
Males Desire sex ____ _________
More Frequently
Reciprocity
Give/Take
Women experience more ______ in their sex drive
Variability
Interpersonal Attractions
Proximity
Similarity
Reciprocity
Similarity
Comonalities
Proximity
Physical nearness
Homosexuality
Likely a combination of genes and environments, more research is needed
The more “_______” A face is, the more highly rated it is as attractive
Average
Intimacy + Passion + Commitment
Consummate Love
Emotions
Mental state or feeling associated without evaluation of our experiences
Discrete Emotions Theory
Theory that humans erxperience a small number of distinct emotions that are rooted in our biology
Limbic System
Plays a key role in our emotional reaction to situations
Brain’s Cortex
Plays key role in thinking
Cognitive theories of emotion
Theories proposing that emotions are products of thinking
Which theory posits that people have just a few emotions that combine in many complex ways?
Discrete emotions theory
Casey meets Randeep and Boris outside of their psychology classroom. Both Randeep and Boris smile at Casey, but when Boris smiles, they use only their mouth, whereas Randeep also has crinkles in the corner of their eyes. Casey feels that only Randeep is genuinely happy to see them because Randeep has displayed a __________, whereas Boris has used a __________.
Duchenne smile;Pan Am smile
Which theory advances the idea that blood vessels in a particular area of the body send temperature information to the brain, which alters our experience of emotions?
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Illustrators
Gestures that highlight or accentuate speech, such as when we forcefully move our hands forward to make an important point
Although basic emotions are experienced the same way across cultures, there are cultural guidelines that govern how and when to express emotions. These are called __________.
Display Rules
Manipilators
Gesture in which one body part stokes,presses, bites, or otherwise touches another body part
Pinnochio Response
Peoples bodily reactions supposedly give them away when they lie
Emblems
Gestures that convery conventional meanings recognized by members of a culture, such as the hand wave and nodding of the head
CQT
Relevant Questions
Irrelevant Questions
Control Questions
Nonverbal leakage is defined as ________.
Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior
The Gestures we use when talking to highlight or accentuate the verbal message we are saying is called ________.
Illustrators
The _______ is based on the premise that criminals harbour concealed information about a crime that an innocent person would not know.
Guilty Knowledge test
Gestures of stroking, biting, pressing, or otherwise touching a part of one’s own body while under stress are called ________.
Manipulators
Polygraph or “lie detector” tests are based on the idea of the ________, that there are reliable physiological or behavioural indicators of lying.
Pinocchio Response
Defensive pessimism
Strategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes
Positivity Effect
Tendency for people to remember more positive than negative information with age
Positive Psychology
discipline that has sought to emphasize human strengths
Broaden and Build theory
Theory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly
Affective forecasting
Ability to predict our own and others’ happiness
Hedonic Treadmill
Tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances
Durability Bias
Belief that bouth our good and our bad moods will last longer than they do
Happiness may serve an important evolutionary function, such as predisposing us to think more openly about our experiences and see a bigger picture that might be overlooked during other affective states. This observation is the basis for __________ theory.
Broaden and Build
Incentive Theories
Theories proposing that we’re often motivated by positive goals
Terkes-dodson law
Inverted U-shaped relation between arousal on the one hand and mod and performance on the other hand
Which term refers to the ability to predict our own happiness or that of someone else?
Affective Forecasting
Which of the following has been found to be the BEST predictor of happiness?
Quality of Sleep
A field of study has emerged since the beginning of the twenty-first century that emphasizes human strengths such as resilience and coping; it is called _________.
Positive Psychology
Homeostasis
Equilibrium
The tactic of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes is called __________.
Defence Pessimism
Drive Reduction Theory
Theory proposing that certain drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration, motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states.
Glucostatic Theory
Theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose
Which theory proposes that experiencing unpleasant states, such as being hungry or thirsty, leads us to take action to minimize those negative conditions?
Drive Reduction Theory
Leptin
Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used
Which hormone signals the hypothalamus and the brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used?
Leptin
Which term refers to an eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and an irrational perception of being overweight?
Anorexia Nervosa
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the human sexual response cycle?
Excitement - plateau - orgasm – resolution
