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PSYCH 104 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

How and when to express emotion (cultural differences)

A

Display Rules

(western societies: boys dont cry)

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2
Q

What do we call a real smile

A

Duchenne Smile

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3
Q

What do you call a Fake Smile

A

Pan Am Smile

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4
Q

Event leads to a physiological and behavioral response which is then experienced as an emotion

A

James-Lange

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5
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Event leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction

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6
Q

Two-Factor Theory

A

Event leads to physiological response and an explanation of that response which determines the emotions experienced

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7
Q

Unconscious influences on emotion

A

Mere Exposure Effect
Facial Feedback hypothesis

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8
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

Liking more familiar Stimuli
Seeing her more repeatedly = More liking

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9
Q

Facial Feedback hypothesis

A

Facial expressions influence the emotion experienced and this is automatic

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10
Q

Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior (gestures, eye rollling)

A

Nonverbal leakage

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11
Q

Proximity is the study of ________

A

Personal Space

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12
Q

Incentive Theories propose….

A

That we are often motivated by positive goals

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13
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Participating in an activity for its own sake

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14
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Participating in an activity to gain a reward

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15
Q

Self-Actualization

A

Reaching one’s own optimum potential

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16
Q

Set-Point Theory

A

We eat to maintain a Certain range of body and muscle mass

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17
Q

Unit Bias

A

People eat what they’re served

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18
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Food Deprivation, regular binge eating and purging (1-3% of population)

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19
Q

Chronic under-eating

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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20
Q

Relies on the idea that criminals conceal knowledge about the crime that innocent people dont

A

Guilty Knowledge test

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21
Q

What are the rates of the Guilty Knowledge Test

A

Low False Positive Rate, High False Negative Rate

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22
Q

Most people are ______ ______ at detecting lies

A

Not Good

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23
Q

Low Correlation between ________ and their ability to detect lies and their accuracy

A

Confidence

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24
Q

Questionnaire that presumably assesses workers’ tendency to steal or cheat

A

Integrity Tests

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25
Q

What is Positive Psychology?

A

Subfield of psychology that has sought to emphasize human strengths

Curiosity, love, gratitude

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26
Q

Broaden and build theory

A

Happiness predisposes us to think more openly, allowing us to see the “big picture”

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27
Q

Optimists vs Pessimists

A

Subtle differences in longetivity, health and memory for certain details (E.G. Relating to illness)

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28
Q

Correlates of Happiness (Mention atleast 5)

A

Being married
Having many friends
Graduating College
Being deeply religious
Political affiliation
Level of gratitude
Giving to others
Being in the midst of flow

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29
Q

Affective forecasting

A

Predict our future emotional states (We are not great at it)

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30
Q

We believe that our good and our bad moods will last longer than they do

A

Durability Bias

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31
Q

Our moods tend to adapt to our external circumstances. We have our own happiness “set point” and movement around this set point is temporary

A

Hedonic Treadmill

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32
Q

MOTIVATION DEFINED

A

General term for a group og phenomena that affect the nature strength of persistence of a individual’s behaviour

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33
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

Behaviour are caused by fulfilling biological needs or “drives”, such as hunger, thirst, comfort etc

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34
Q

Approach-Avoidance

A

Occure when there is one goal or even that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously

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35
Q

Approach-Approach

A

An intrapersonal conflict when a decision is to be made from two appealing choices

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36
Q

Avoidance-Avoidance

A

Those times when an individual avois making a decision because they do not like either of the choices available to them

37
Q

Double approach avoidance

A

The individual is faced with two goals each having positive and negative values

38
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Psychological Needs -> Safety needs- Belonging needs- Esteem needs- Self Actualization

39
Q

Sexual Desire influenced by genes, biology, and social and cultural factors.

A

Libido

40
Q

Males Desire sex ____ _________

A

More Frequently

41
Q

Reciprocity

A

Give/Take

41
Q

Women experience more ______ in their sex drive

A

Variability

42
Q

Interpersonal Attractions

A

Proximity
Similarity
Reciprocity

42
Q

Similarity

A

Comonalities

42
Q

Proximity

A

Physical nearness

43
Q

Homosexuality

A

Likely a combination of genes and environments, more research is needed

44
Q

The more “_______” A face is, the more highly rated it is as attractive

A

Average

45
Q

Intimacy + Passion + Commitment

A

Consummate Love

46
Q

Emotions

A

Mental state or feeling associated without evaluation of our experiences

47
Q

Discrete Emotions Theory

A

Theory that humans erxperience a small number of distinct emotions that are rooted in our biology

47
Q

Limbic System

A

Plays a key role in our emotional reaction to situations

48
Q

Brain’s Cortex

A

Plays key role in thinking

48
Q

Cognitive theories of emotion

A

Theories proposing that emotions are products of thinking

49
Q

Which theory posits that people have just a few emotions that combine in many complex ways?

A

Discrete emotions theory

50
Q

Casey meets Randeep and Boris outside of their psychology classroom. Both Randeep and Boris smile at Casey, but when Boris smiles, they use only their mouth, whereas Randeep also has crinkles in the corner of their eyes. Casey feels that only Randeep is genuinely happy to see them because Randeep has displayed a __________, whereas Boris has used a __________.

A

Duchenne smile;Pan Am smile

51
Q

Which theory advances the idea that blood vessels in a particular area of the body send temperature information to the brain, which alters our experience of emotions?

A

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

51
Q

Illustrators

A

Gestures that highlight or accentuate speech, such as when we forcefully move our hands forward to make an important point

51
Q

Although basic emotions are experienced the same way across cultures, there are cultural guidelines that govern how and when to express emotions. These are called __________.

A

Display Rules

52
Q

Manipilators

A

Gesture in which one body part stokes,presses, bites, or otherwise touches another body part

52
Q

Pinnochio Response

A

Peoples bodily reactions supposedly give them away when they lie

52
Q

Emblems

A

Gestures that convery conventional meanings recognized by members of a culture, such as the hand wave and nodding of the head

53
Q

CQT

A

Relevant Questions
Irrelevant Questions
Control Questions

54
Q

Nonverbal leakage is defined as ________.

A

Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior

54
Q

The Gestures we use when talking to highlight or accentuate the verbal message we are saying is called ________.

A

Illustrators

54
Q

The _______ is based on the premise that criminals harbour concealed information about a crime that an innocent person would not know.

A

Guilty Knowledge test

55
Q

Gestures of stroking, biting, pressing, or otherwise touching a part of one’s own body while under stress are called ________.

A

Manipulators

55
Q

Polygraph or “lie detector” tests are based on the idea of the ________, that there are reliable physiological or behavioural indicators of lying.

A

Pinocchio Response

56
Q

Defensive pessimism

A

Strategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes

56
Q

Positivity Effect

A

Tendency for people to remember more positive than negative information with age

56
Q

Positive Psychology

A

discipline that has sought to emphasize human strengths

57
Q

Broaden and Build theory

A

Theory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly

57
Q

Affective forecasting

A

Ability to predict our own and others’ happiness

58
Q

Hedonic Treadmill

A

Tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances

58
Q

Durability Bias

A

Belief that bouth our good and our bad moods will last longer than they do

59
Q

Happiness may serve an important evolutionary function, such as predisposing us to think more openly about our experiences and see a bigger picture that might be overlooked during other affective states. This observation is the basis for __________ theory.

A

Broaden and Build

59
Q

Incentive Theories

A

Theories proposing that we’re often motivated by positive goals

59
Q

Terkes-dodson law

A

Inverted U-shaped relation between arousal on the one hand and mod and performance on the other hand

60
Q

Which term refers to the ability to predict our own happiness or that of someone else?

A

Affective Forecasting

60
Q

Which of the following has been found to be the BEST predictor of happiness?

A

Quality of Sleep

60
Q

A field of study has emerged since the beginning of the twenty-first century that emphasizes human strengths such as resilience and coping; it is called _________.

A

Positive Psychology

60
Q

Homeostasis

A

Equilibrium

61
Q

The tactic of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes is called __________.

A

Defence Pessimism

61
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

Theory proposing that certain drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration, motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states.

61
Q

Glucostatic Theory

A

Theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose

62
Q

Which theory proposes that experiencing unpleasant states, such as being hungry or thirsty, leads us to take action to minimize those negative conditions?

A

Drive Reduction Theory

62
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used

63
Q

Which hormone signals the hypothalamus and the brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used?

A

Leptin

63
Q

Which term refers to an eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and an irrational perception of being overweight?

A

Anorexia Nervosa

63
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the human sexual response cycle?

A

Excitement - plateau - orgasm – resolution

PSYCH 104 (11 decks)

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