Chapter 3

Question 1

-Electrical activity is measured using scalp electrodes
-Excellent temporal resolution (Msec)
-Poor spatial resolution
-Used for sleep research

Answer 1

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 2

Positive and Negative of Electroencephalogram

Answer 2

-It can tell you quick quickly what’s going on but doesn’t give you precise location of where parts of the brains that’s highly active

Question 3

Computed Tomography (CT)
and its negative

Answer 3

-X-rays used to construct 3D images
-Risk of exposure to radiation, but if used moderately it shouldn’t have long term issues

Question 4

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 4

-Measures oxygen consumption in brain areas
-You can see how a person’s brain activity changes if you do the scan while they read something or recite something

Question 5

Negative of Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 5

Takes a considerable amount of time

Question 6

PET Positron emission tomography

Answer 6

Measures consumption of glucose (or sugar) by neurons in the brain (more glucose=more activity by neurons in a brain area)

Question 7

-Modify brain function via implanted electrodes
-Potential treatment for disorders (E.G. Depression)
-Implant wires right into the brain connected to a battery pack in your chest that lasts for 5 years to figure out what part, it is used to interrupt any sort of abnormal brain communication.

Answer 7

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Question 8

What is Depp Brain Stimulation used for?

Answer 8

-Used for OCD and Depression and Parkinsons

Question 9

TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Positive and Negative

Answer 9

It can increase or impair and slow down brain activity

Question 10

Used in patients with severe depression

Strong and changing magnetic fields applied to the skull that can chance or interrupt brain function

Relieves symptoms of mood disorders

Answer 10

TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Question 11

Neurons

Answer 11

Brain cells that communicate with each other

Question 12

Cells body (Soma)

Answer 12

maintains a life of the cell

Question 13

Dendrites

Answer 13

Receives information

Question 14

Axons

Answer 14

sends information

Question 15

End of Axons

Answer 15

Axon Terminals

Question 16

Neurotransmitters (Chemical Messengers)

Answer 16

Chemical messengers for neuronal communication. Can excite or inhibit cells.

Question 17

Synapse

Answer 17

Space between the axon terminal of one neuron and dendrite of another neuron.

Question 18

Glial Cells

Answer 18

Provides structural support, protection, waste removal, and nutrients for neurons.

1:1 ratio with neurons

Question 19

Support cells for neurons

Answer 19

Astrocytes
Action Potential

Question 20

Astrocytes

Answer 20

star-shaped type of glial cell found in the blood-drain barrier that helps with neuronal transmission.

Question 21

Action Potential

Answer 21

electrochemical impulse triggered by a threshold of excitation

The action potential travels in on direction down the axel

Question 22

Neurotransmitters

Answer 22

Glutamate
GABA
Acetylcholine
Monoamines
Neuropeptides
Anandamides

Question 23

Glutamate

Answer 23

Common inn CNS

Excitatory

Associated with learning and memory

Toxic in high doses

Can result to schyznophrenia by having too many

Question 24

GABA

Answer 24

Common in CNS

Inhibitory

Associated with learning and memory

Question 25

Acetylcholine

Answer 25

Influences arousal, selective attention, sleep, memory Involved with muscle movement

Question 26

Monoamines

Answer 26

Norepinephrine (brain arousal, sleep, hunger) Dopamine, motor function,reward) Serotonin(mood, temp regulation,naggression,sleep cycles)

Question 27

Neuropeptides

Answer 27

Endorphins (relieves pain)

Question 28

Anandamides

Answer 28

Influence eating, motivation and sleep THC recreates it

Question 29

Plasticity

Answer 29

Neurons can change

Question 30

Neurogenesis research

Answer 30

Enhance the generation of new neurons

Question 31

Myelination

Answer 31

Without it it can result in neuron communication, it helps it go faster) part of Plasticity

Question 32

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 32

Brain and spinal cord

Question 33

Brain, Brain stem -> ? Sensory info-> ? Sensory info: ?

Answer 33

Spinal Cord Decisions Taste, touch, sight, smell, etc

Question 34

Parts of the brain

Answer 34

Cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic system Thalamus Amygdala Hippocampus Cerebellum

Question 35

Brain Lobes

Answer 35

Frontal lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

Question 36

Frontal lobe

Answer 36

Involved with personality and planning and production of speech executive functions and memory

Question 37

Parietal Lobe

Answer 37

Touch perception and pain perception

Question 38

Temporal Lobe

Answer 38

Auditory Processing (Hearing), Language and autobiographical memory.

Question 39

Occipital Lobe

Answer 39

Processes visual information

Question 40

Cortex

Answer 40

The Lobes

Question 41

Basal Ganglia

Answer 41

Control of movement and motor Planning

Question 42

Thalamus

Answer 42

Conveys sensory information to cortex

Question 43

Amygdala

Answer 43

Regulates arousal and fear

Question 44

Hippocampus

Answer 44

Processes memory for spatial locations

Question 45

Cerebellum

Answer 45

Controls balance and coordinated movement

Question 46

Brain Stem

Answer 46

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 47

Midbrain

Answer 47

Tracks visual stimuli and reflexes triggered by sound

Question 48

Pons

Answer 48

Conveys information between the cortex and cerebellum

Question 49

Medulla

Answer 49

Regulates breathing and heartbeats

Question 50

Spinal Cord

Answer 50

Information to rest of the body