Chapter 3 Flashcards
-Electrical activity is measured using scalp electrodes
-Excellent temporal resolution (Msec)
-Poor spatial resolution
-Used for sleep research
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Positive and Negative of Electroencephalogram
-It can tell you quick quickly what’s going on but doesn’t give you precise location of where parts of the brains that’s highly active
Computed Tomography (CT)
and its negative
-X-rays used to construct 3D images
-Risk of exposure to radiation, but if used moderately it shouldn’t have long term issues
Functional MRI (fMRI)
-Measures oxygen consumption in brain areas
-You can see how a person’s brain activity changes if you do the scan while they read something or recite something
Negative of Functional MRI (fMRI)
Takes a considerable amount of time
PET Positron emission tomography
Measures consumption of glucose (or sugar) by neurons in the brain (more glucose=more activity by neurons in a brain area)
-Modify brain function via implanted electrodes
-Potential treatment for disorders (E.G. Depression)
-Implant wires right into the brain connected to a battery pack in your chest that lasts for 5 years to figure out what part, it is used to interrupt any sort of abnormal brain communication.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
What is Depp Brain Stimulation used for?
-Used for OCD and Depression and Parkinsons
TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Positive and Negative
It can increase or impair and slow down brain activity
Used in patients with severe depression
Strong and changing magnetic fields applied to the skull that can chance or interrupt brain function
Relieves symptoms of mood disorders
TMS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Neurons
Brain cells that communicate with each other
Cells body (Soma)
maintains a life of the cell
Dendrites
Receives information
Axons
sends information
End of Axons
Axon Terminals
Neurotransmitters (Chemical Messengers)
Chemical messengers for neuronal communication. Can excite or inhibit cells.
Synapse
Space between the axon terminal of one neuron and dendrite of another neuron.
Glial Cells
Provides structural support, protection, waste removal, and nutrients for neurons.
1:1 ratio with neurons
Support cells for neurons
Astrocytes
Action Potential
Astrocytes
star-shaped type of glial cell found in the blood-drain barrier that helps with neuronal transmission.
Action Potential
electrochemical impulse triggered by a threshold of excitation
The action potential travels in on direction down the axel
Neurotransmitters
Glutamate
GABA
Acetylcholine
Monoamines
Neuropeptides
Anandamides
Glutamate
Common inn CNS
Excitatory
Associated with learning and memory
Toxic in high doses
Can result to schyznophrenia by having too many
GABA
Common in CNS
Inhibitory
Associated with learning and memory
Acetylcholine
Influences arousal, selective attention, sleep, memory
Involved with muscle movement
Monoamines
Norepinephrine (brain arousal, sleep, hunger)
Dopamine, motor function,reward)
Serotonin(mood, temp regulation,naggression,sleep cycles)
Neuropeptides
Endorphins (relieves pain)
Anandamides
Influence eating, motivation and sleep
THC recreates it
Plasticity
Neurons can change
Neurogenesis research
Enhance the generation of new neurons
Myelination
Without it it can result in neuron communication, it helps it go faster)
part of Plasticity
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
Brain, Brain stem -> ?
Sensory info-> ?
Sensory info: ?
Spinal Cord
Decisions
Taste, touch, sight, smell, etc
Parts of the brain
Cortex
Basal Ganglia
Limbic system
Thalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Brain Lobes
Frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Frontal lobe
Involved with personality and planning and production of speech executive functions and memory
Parietal Lobe
Touch perception and pain perception
Temporal Lobe
Auditory Processing (Hearing), Language and autobiographical memory.
Occipital Lobe
Processes visual information
Cortex
The Lobes
Basal Ganglia
Control of movement and motor Planning
Thalamus
Conveys sensory information to cortex
Amygdala
Regulates arousal and fear
Hippocampus
Processes memory for spatial locations
Cerebellum
Controls balance and coordinated movement
Brain Stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Midbrain
Tracks visual stimuli and reflexes triggered by sound
Pons
Conveys information between the cortex and cerebellum
Medulla
Regulates breathing and heartbeats
Spinal Cord
Information to rest of the body
