Chapter 4 Flashcards
A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space.
Electromagnetic Radiation
All of the forms of electromagnetic radiation form…
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.
Wavelength
The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second
Frequency
The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal
Photoelectric Effect
The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost/gained by an atom
Quantum
Particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy
Photon
Lowest energy state of an atom
Ground State
A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
Excited State
When a narrow beam of the emitted light was shined through a prism, it was separated into 4 specific colors of the visible spectrum
Line-emission spectrum
The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
Continuous Spectrum
This principle states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and the velocity of an electron or any other particle
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Mathematically describes the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
Quantum Theory
A 3d region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
Orbital
Specifies the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals
Quantum Numbers
Indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron
Principal quantum number
Indicates the shape of the orbital
Angular momentum quantum number
Indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
Magnetic Quantum Number
Has only 2 possible values (+1/2 and -1/2): Indicates the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
Spin Quantum Number
The arrangement of electrons in an atom
Electron Configuration
An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it
Aufbau principle
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Pauli exclusion principle
Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state
Hund’s Rule
The group 18 elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon)
Noble gases
