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Chemistry > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

Covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

A

Organic Compound

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2
Q

The covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings

A

Catenation

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3
Q

Composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds

A

Hydrocarbon

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4
Q

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

A

Isomer

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5
Q

Indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule

A

Structural Formula

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6
Q

Isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders

A

Structural isomer (or constitutional isomers)

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7
Q

Isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different

A

Geometric isomer

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8
Q

Hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

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9
Q

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds

A

Alkane

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10
Q

Alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure

A

Cycloalkane

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11
Q

Groups of atoms that are formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane molecule

A

Alkyl group

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12
Q

A fossil fuel composed primarily of alkanes containing one to four carbon atoms

A

Natural gas

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13
Q

A complex mixture of different hydrocarbons that varies greatly in composition

A

Petroleum

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14
Q

Hydrocarbons in which not all carbon atoms have four single covalent bonds

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

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15
Q

Hydrocarbons that contain double covalent bonds

A

Alkene

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16
Q

Hydrocarbons with triple covalent bonds

A

Alkyne

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17
Q

Hydrocarbons that have six-membered carbon rings and delocalized electrons

A

Aromatic hydrocarbon

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18
Q

The primary aromatic hydrocarbon

A

Benzene

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19
Q

Atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound

A

Functional group

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20
Q

Organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups

A

Alcohol

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21
Q

Organic compounds in which one of more halogen atoms are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

A

Alkyl halide

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22
Q

Organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of oxygen

A

Ether

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23
Q

Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain

A

Aldehyde

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24
Q

Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain

A

Ketone

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25
Q

Organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia

A

Amine

26
Q

Organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group -COOH

A

Carboxylic acid

27
Q

Organic compounds that have carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

A

Ester

28
Q

A reaction in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule

A

Substitution reaction

29
Q

A reaction in which two parts of a molecule are added to an unsaturated molecule, increasing the saturation of the molecule

A

Addition reaction

30
Q

A reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine

A

Condensation reaction

31
Q

A reaction in which a simple molecule is formed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule

A

Elimination reaction

32
Q

A large molecule made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions

A

Polymer

33
Q

Small molecules that make up a polymer

A

Monomer

34
Q

A polymer made from two or more different monomers

A

Copolymer

35
Q

Carbon is colorless, crystalline solid with high density (3.514 g/cm3)

A

Diamond

36
Q

Soft black, crystalline form of C that conducts electricity well

A

Graphite

37
Q

Black, C containing residue that have no crystalline shape

A

Amorphous carbon

38
Q

Black solid that is mostly amorphous carbon of organic material

A

Coal

39
Q

Partially carbonized plant material that can be used as fuel

A

Peat

40
Q

Low grade of coal with brownish-black color

A

Lignite

41
Q

Has more C and less water than lignite

A

Subbituminous coal

42
Q

Subjected to greater heat and pressure than subbituminous coal

A

Bituminous coal

43
Q

Coal subjected to high temperature and pressure

A

Anthracite coal

44
Q

Solid residue left when volatile materials are removed from bituminous coal

A

Coke

45
Q

Heating of coal in absence of O2

A

Destructive distillation

46
Q

Residue from destructive distillation of wood

A

Charcoal

47
Q

Form of amorphous C produced from dest. distillation of oily residue from petroleum

A

Petroleum coke

48
Q

Form of amorphous carbon that is prepared to give a large surface area

A

Activated carbon

49
Q

Collecting components of petroleum by differences in boiling point

A

Fractional distillation

50
Q

Treatment process of heating rubber with sulfur

A

Vulcanization

51
Q

Synthetic rubber that is resistant to heat, flames, oil, and chemicals

A

Neoprene

52
Q

Colorless, volatile, nonflammable liquid, and excellent nonpolar solvent

A

Tetrachloromethane

53
Q

Used as refrigerant (freon), depletes ozone layer

A

Dichlorodifluoromethane

54
Q

“non stick” surfaces

A

Tetraflouromethane

55
Q

Plastic pipe, siding, film, wire, and insulation

A

Ethylene dichloride

56
Q

Substituted hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group

A

Aldehydes and ketones

57
Q

Both bonds of the carbonyl group are attached to carbon atoms

A

Ketone

58
Q

Used as solvent dyeing textiles, cellulose acetate, and in cider vinegar

A

Acetic acid

59
Q

Used as acidifying agent

A

Formic acid

60
Q

Occur in rhubarb, urine, and guano used for calico printing, dyeing, and removing stains

A

Oxlic acid

61
Q

Hydrolysis of fats and oils using a sol’n of strong hydroxide

A

Saponification

Chemistry (19 decks)

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