Chapter 22

Question 1

Covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

Answer 1

Organic Compound

Question 2

The covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings

Answer 2

Catenation

Question 3

Composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon

Question 4

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

Answer 4

Isomer

Question 5

Indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule

Answer 5

Structural Formula

Question 6

Isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders

Answer 6

Structural isomer (or constitutional isomers)

Question 7

Isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different

Answer 7

Geometric isomer

Question 8

Hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms

Answer 8

Saturated hydrocarbon

Question 9

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds

Answer 9

Alkane

Question 10

Alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure

Answer 10

Cycloalkane

Question 11

Groups of atoms that are formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane molecule

Answer 11

Alkyl group

Question 12

A fossil fuel composed primarily of alkanes containing one to four carbon atoms

Answer 12

Natural gas

Question 13

A complex mixture of different hydrocarbons that varies greatly in composition

Answer 13

Petroleum

Question 14

Hydrocarbons in which not all carbon atoms have four single covalent bonds

Answer 14

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Question 15

Hydrocarbons that contain double covalent bonds

Answer 15

Alkene

Question 16

Hydrocarbons with triple covalent bonds

Answer 16

Alkyne

Question 17

Hydrocarbons that have six-membered carbon rings and delocalized electrons

Answer 17

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Question 18

The primary aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 18

Benzene

Question 19

Atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound

Answer 19

Functional group

Question 20

Organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups

Answer 20

Alcohol

Question 21

Organic compounds in which one of more halogen atoms are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

Answer 21

Alkyl halide

Question 22

Organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of oxygen

Answer 22

Ether

Question 23

Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain

Answer 23

Aldehyde

Question 24

Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain

Answer 24

Ketone

Question 25

Organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia

Answer 25

Amine

Question 26

Organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group -COOH

Answer 26

Carboxylic acid

Question 27

Organic compounds that have carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

Answer 27

Ester

Question 28

A reaction in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule

Answer 28

Substitution reaction

Question 29

A reaction in which two parts of a molecule are added to an unsaturated molecule, increasing the saturation of the molecule

Answer 29

Addition reaction

Question 30

A reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine

Answer 30

Condensation reaction

Question 31

A reaction in which a simple molecule is formed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule

Answer 31

Elimination reaction

Question 32

A large molecule made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions

Answer 32

Polymer

Question 33

Small molecules that make up a polymer

Answer 33

Monomer

Question 34

A polymer made from two or more different monomers

Answer 34

Copolymer

Question 35

Carbon is colorless, crystalline solid with high density (3.514 g/cm3)

Answer 35

Diamond

Question 36

Soft black, crystalline form of C that conducts electricity well

Answer 36

Graphite

Question 37

Black, C containing residue that have no crystalline shape

Answer 37

Amorphous carbon

Question 38

Black solid that is mostly amorphous carbon of organic material

Answer 38

Coal

Question 39

Partially carbonized plant material that can be used as fuel

Answer 39

Peat

Question 40

Low grade of coal with brownish-black color

Answer 40

Lignite

Question 41

Has more C and less water than lignite

Answer 41

Subbituminous coal

Question 42

Subjected to greater heat and pressure than subbituminous coal

Answer 42

Bituminous coal

Question 43

Coal subjected to high temperature and pressure

Answer 43

Anthracite coal

Question 44

Solid residue left when volatile materials are removed from bituminous coal

Answer 44

Coke

Question 45

Heating of coal in absence of O2

Answer 45

Destructive distillation

Question 46

Residue from destructive distillation of wood

Answer 46

Charcoal

Question 47

Form of amorphous C produced from dest. distillation of oily residue from petroleum

Answer 47

Petroleum coke

Question 48

Form of amorphous carbon that is prepared to give a large surface area

Answer 48

Activated carbon

Question 49

Collecting components of petroleum by differences in boiling point

Answer 49

Fractional distillation

Question 50

Treatment process of heating rubber with sulfur

Answer 50

Vulcanization

Question 51

Synthetic rubber that is resistant to heat, flames, oil, and chemicals

Answer 51

Neoprene

Question 52

Colorless, volatile, nonflammable liquid, and excellent nonpolar solvent

Answer 52

Tetrachloromethane

Question 53

Used as refrigerant (freon), depletes ozone layer

Answer 53

Dichlorodifluoromethane

Question 54

"non stick" surfaces

Answer 54

Tetraflouromethane

Question 55

Plastic pipe, siding, film, wire, and insulation

Answer 55

Ethylene dichloride

Question 56

Substituted hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group

Answer 56

Aldehydes and ketones

Question 57

Both bonds of the carbonyl group are attached to carbon atoms

Answer 57

Ketone

Question 58

Used as solvent dyeing textiles, cellulose acetate, and in cider vinegar

Answer 58

Acetic acid

Question 59

Used as acidifying agent

Answer 59

Formic acid

Question 60

Occur in rhubarb, urine, and guano used for calico printing, dyeing, and removing stains

Answer 60

Oxlic acid

Question 61

Hydrolysis of fats and oils using a sol'n of strong hydroxide

Answer 61

Saponification