Chapter 23

Question 1

Study of the Chemical reactions that occur in living things

Answer 1

Biochemistry

Question 2

Large organic molecules

Answer 2

Macromolecules

Question 3

Macromolecules formed by condensation reactions between monomers and amino acids

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

Has COOH and NH3 both attached to the same carbon

Answer 4

Amino acids

Question 5

Type of bond that joins amino acids and proteins

Answer 5

Peptide bond

Question 6

Protein molecules that act as catalysts

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

Helper ions (Fe and Ca)

Answer 7

Coenzymes

Question 8

High temperatures breaking 3-D structure of proteins

Answer 8

Denature

Question 9

Sugars, starches, and related compounds

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Monomers of carbohydrates, simple sugars such as fructose and glucose

Answer 10

Monosacharides

Question 11

2 monosaccharides joined together such as sucrose and lactose

Answer 11

Disaccharide

Question 12

Many monosaccharides joined together to form a polymer such as starch, glycerol, and cellulose

Answer 12

Polysaccharide

Question 13

This is where animals store their energy

Answer 13

Glycogen

Question 14

Polysaccharide that is used to store energy in plants

Answer 14

Starch

Question 15

Main building material in glucose from plants

Answer 15

Cellulose

Question 16

Group of organic compounds that are not very soluble in water

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

Chain of C with COOH group at one end

Answer 17

Fatty acid

Question 18

Lipid with long fatty acid chain and OH group on it

Answer 18

Wax

Question 19

Contain only saturated fatty acid groups with double bonds

Answer 19

Saturated fats

Question 20

Contain at least one fatty acid group with double bonds

Answer 20

Unsaturated fats

Question 21

Lipids with one or two fatty acid groups replaced by phosphate group

Answer 21

Phospholipids

Question 22

Lipid with structure of 4 C rings

Answer 22

Steroids

Question 23

Steroid that makes up every animal cell membrane, brain, and nerves

Answer 23

Cholesterol

Question 24

Chemical messengers that communicate between different parts of the body

Answer 24

Hormones

Question 25

Hormone enacted when body becomes excited, increasing blood supply and heart

Answer 25

Epinephrine

Question 26

Cells of the nervous system

Answer 26

Neurons

Question 27

Space between neuron

Answer 27

Synapse

Question 28

Transmits one message from one neuron to the next

Answer 28

Neurotransmitter

Question 29

Macromolecules that transmit genetic information

Answer 29

Nucleic acids

Question 30

Material that contains genetic information and is passed from generation to generation

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

Helps protein synthesis by coordinating the process of protein assembly

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

Monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 32

Nucleotides

Question 33

Nucleotide that supplies energy for many chemical reactions

Answer 33

ATP

Question 34

Length of DNA that codes for particular protein

Answer 34

Gene

Question 35

Error in DNA sequence in a gene

Answer 35

Mutation

Question 36

Agent that cause mutations

Answer 36

Mutagen

Question 37

Collections of RNA and protein molecules that act at site of protein synthesis

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

Carries information from DNA to ribosome

Answer 38

Messenger RNA

Question 39

All of an organism’s biochemical reactions

Answer 39

Metabolism

Question 40

Chemically linked steps in which series of enzymes converts substrate molecules into a final product

Answer 40

Metabolic pathways