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Chemistry > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

A

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

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2
Q

A hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

A

Ideal gas

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3
Q

A collision between gas particles in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy

A

Elastic collision

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4
Q

Spontaneous mixing of particles of two different substances caused by their random motion

A

Diffusion

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5
Q

Process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

A

Effusion

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6
Q

A gas that doesn’t behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

A

Real gas

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7
Q

A substance that can flow and takes the shape of its container

A

Liquid

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8
Q

A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size

A

Surface tension

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9
Q

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

A

Capillary action

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10
Q

How a liquid or solid changes to a gas

A

Vaporization

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11
Q

How particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state

A

Evaporation

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12
Q

The physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of energy as heat

A

Freezing (or solidification)

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13
Q

A solid consisting of crystals

A

Crystalline solid

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14
Q

A substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern

A

Crystal

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15
Q

A solid in which the particles are arranged randomly

A

Amorphous solid

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16
Q

The physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of energy as heat

A

Melting

17
Q

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

A

Melting point

18
Q

Substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid

A

Supercooled liquids

19
Q

The total three-dimensional arrangement of particles by a crystal

A

Crystal structure

20
Q

Smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice structure

A

Unit cell

21
Q

Any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties

A

Phase

22
Q

The process by which a gas changes to a liquid

A

Condensation

23
Q

A dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

A

Equilibrium

24
Q

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temperature

A

Equilibrium vapor pressure

25
Q

Liquids that evaporate readily

A

Volatile liquids

26
Q

The conversion of a liquid to a vapor

A

Boiling

27
Q

The temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

A

Boiling point

28
Q

The amount of energy as heat that is needed to vaporize one mole of liquid at the liquid’s boiling point at constant pressure

A

Molar Enthalpy of Vaporization

29
Q

The physical change of a liquid to a solid

A

Freezing

30
Q

The temperature at which the solid and liquid are in equilibrium

A

Freezing point

31
Q

The amount of energy as heat required to melt one mole of solid at the solid’s melting point

A

Molar enthalpy of fusion

32
Q

The change of state from a solid directly to a gas

A

Sublimation

33
Q

The change of state from a gas directly to a solid

A

Deposition

34
Q

A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist

A

Phase diagram

35
Q

Indicates the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium

A

Triple point

36
Q

The critical temperature and pressure

A

Critical point

37
Q

The temperature above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state

A

Critical temperature

38
Q

The lowest pressure at which the substance can exist as a liquid

A

Critical pressure

Chemistry (19 decks)

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