Chapter 10

Question 1

Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

Answer 1

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Question 2

A hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

Answer 2

Ideal gas

Question 3

A collision between gas particles in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy

Answer 3

Elastic collision

Question 4

Spontaneous mixing of particles of two different substances caused by their random motion

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

Process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

Answer 5

Effusion

Question 6

A gas that doesn’t behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

Answer 6

Real gas

Question 7

A substance that can flow and takes the shape of its container

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size

Answer 8

Surface tension

Question 9

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

Answer 9

Capillary action

Question 10

How a liquid or solid changes to a gas

Answer 10

Vaporization

Question 11

How particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state

Answer 11

Evaporation

Question 12

The physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of energy as heat

Answer 12

Freezing (or solidification)

Question 13

A solid consisting of crystals

Answer 13

Crystalline solid

Question 14

A substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern

Answer 14

Crystal

Question 15

A solid in which the particles are arranged randomly

Answer 15

Amorphous solid

Question 16

The physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of energy as heat

Answer 16

Melting

Question 17

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Answer 17

Melting point

Question 18

Substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid

Answer 18

Supercooled liquids

Question 19

The total three-dimensional arrangement of particles by a crystal

Answer 19

Crystal structure

Question 20

Smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice structure

Answer 20

Unit cell

Question 21

Any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties

Answer 21

Phase

Question 22

The process by which a gas changes to a liquid

Answer 22

Condensation

Question 23

A dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

Answer 23

Equilibrium

Question 24

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temperature

Answer 24

Equilibrium vapor pressure

Question 25

Liquids that evaporate readily

Answer 25

Volatile liquids

Question 26

The conversion of a liquid to a vapor

Answer 26

Boiling

Question 27

The temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

Answer 27

Boiling point

Question 28

The amount of energy as heat that is needed to vaporize one mole of liquid at the liquid's boiling point at constant pressure

Answer 28

Molar Enthalpy of Vaporization

Question 29

The physical change of a liquid to a solid

Answer 29

Freezing

Question 30

The temperature at which the solid and liquid are in equilibrium

Answer 30

Freezing point

Question 31

The amount of energy as heat required to melt one mole of solid at the solid's melting point

Answer 31

Molar enthalpy of fusion

Question 32

The change of state from a solid directly to a gas

Answer 32

Sublimation

Question 33

The change of state from a gas directly to a solid

Answer 33

Deposition

Question 34

A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist

Answer 34

Phase diagram

Question 35

Indicates the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium

Answer 35

Triple point

Question 36

The critical temperature and pressure

Answer 36

Critical point

Question 37

The temperature above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state

Answer 37

Critical temperature

Question 38

The lowest pressure at which the substance can exist as a liquid

Answer 38

Critical pressure