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AP Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

The minimum stimulus intensity that can an organism can detect.

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2
Q

Acuity

A

Sharpness of thought, vision, hearing.

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3
Q

Auditory Cortex

A

Region of the brain that is responsible for the processing of sound.

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4
Q

Auditory Nerve

A

Transmits auditory information into the brain.

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5
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

runs length of spiraled cochlea, holds auditory receptors

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6
Q

Binocular Depth Cue

A

Clues about distance based on differing views from both eyes

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7
Q

Blind Spot

A

the point of entry of the optic nerve, insensitive to light.

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8
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

Progression from individual elements to whole

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9
Q

Closure

A

Tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete.

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10
Q

Cochlea

A

A fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that contains receptors for hearing

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11
Q

Color Blindness

A

encompasses a variety of deficiencies in inability to distinguish among color

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12
Q

Cones

A

Specialized receptors that play a key role in daylight and color vision.

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13
Q

Contrast

A

Heightened variation between two stimulus.

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14
Q

Convergence

A

Involves sensing the eyes converging toward each other as the focus closer on objects.

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15
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent layer forming front of eye.

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16
Q

Dark Adaptation

A

The adjustment of the eyes to low light intensities.

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17
Q

Depth Perception

A

The ability to perceive the relative distance of objects.

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18
Q

Difference Threshold

A

The smallest amount in which two sensory stimuli can differ in order for them to be perceived different.

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19
Q

Fovea

A

A tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains only cones. Visual Acuity is greatest.

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20
Q

Frequency (audition)

A

The rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave.

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21
Q

Ganglion Cells

A

A layer of the retina, transmits signals to optic nerves.

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22
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

Incoming pain sensation must pass through a “gate” in the spinal cord.

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23
Q

Gestalt Principles of Organization

A

identifies factors leading to the particular form of perceptual organization.

24
Q

Habituation

A

The diminishing of a response due to frequently repeated stimulus.

25
Q

Hue

A

Attribute of color which is dependent on it’s dominant wavelength

26
Q

Interposition

A

monocular cue in which one object partially covers the other.

27
Q

Iris

A

Flat, colored, ring shaped membrane behind cornea.

28
Q

Just Noticeable Difference

A

The smallest difference in the stimulus intensity that a specific sense can detect.

29
Q

Kinesthesia System

A

Monitors the position of various body parts.

30
Q

lens

A

The transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays.

31
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines.

32
Q

Monocular cues

A

Clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone.

33
Q

Oflaction

A

The sense of smell

34
Q

Opponent Process Theory

A

Holds color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to 3 pairs of colors.

35
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Transmits impulses from brain to retina

36
Q

Perception

A

The selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input.

37
Q

perceptual Constancy

A

A tendency to experiment a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input

38
Q

Place Theory

A

Perception pitch corresponds to vibration of different portions or places along basilar membrane.

39
Q

pitch

A

The property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration.

40
Q

Pupil

A

The opening in the center of the iris that permits the light to pass into the rear chamber of the eye.

41
Q

Retinal Disparity

A

Objects within 25 feet project images to slightly different location on left and right retina, so each eye sees a slightly different view.

42
Q

Rods

A

Specialized visual receptors that play a key role in night time vision and peripheral vision.

43
Q

Saturation

A

Intensity of Color

44
Q

Sensation

A

The stimulation of sense organs.

45
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

A gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimlulation.

46
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

proposes that the detection of a stimuli involves decision as well as sensory processes with are both influenced by a variety of factors.

47
Q

Stroboscopic movement

A

Disembodied perception of motion is produced by still images.

48
Q

Taste Buds

A

On the tongue, lining the mouth, provide taste.

49
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

Progression from the whole to elements

50
Q

Transduction

A

converstion of a stimulus from one form to another

51
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

Holds that the human eye has 3 types of receptors with differing sensitivities to light wave lengths.

52
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

A membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves.

53
Q

Vestibular System

A

Responds to gravity, keeps you informed of your bodies location in space.

54
Q

Visual cortex

A

Recieves and processes sensory nerve impulses from eye.

55
Q

Weber’s Law

A

States that the size of a JND is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus.

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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