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AP Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A

cells that specialize in receiving, integrating, and transmitting information. 98% of neurons are in brain.

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2
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

register or input information to the brain

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3
Q

Motor Neurons

A

receive information from brain, control muscles, organs, and endocrine system.

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4
Q

Interneurons

A

connect sensory and motor neurons to the brain.

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5
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

the microscopic gap between the terminal button and opposing membrane

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6
Q

Presynaptic Membrane

A

transmits the message

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7
Q

Synaptic Vessicles

A

Small sacks filled with neurotransmitters.

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8
Q

Lock and Key

A

only certain neurotransmitters fit in certain receptor site.

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9
Q

Action Potential

A

the likely hood that a signal will continue onward.

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10
Q

Post-synaptic Membrane

A

Membrane of the opposing neuron.

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11
Q

Graded Potential

A

(Post-synaptic) the likely hood that the signal will carry on. (actual voltage change)

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12
Q

Excitatory PSP

A

Positive voltage change- the signal continues

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13
Q

Inhibitory PSP

A

continuation of a negative voltage charge- signal stops

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14
Q

Reuptake

A

When neurotransmitters return to vesicles

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15
Q

Enzymatic degradation

A

breaks down unused or unwanted neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Your body creates more synapses and neurons than it actually needs, so it gradually eliminates unused axons.

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17
Q

Plasticity

A

Our nervous systems ability to re-wire ourselves

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18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CNS)

A

provides nourishment for neurons and help cushioning.

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19
Q

Meninges (CNS)

A

3 protective membranes the surround the brain, “brain sack”

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20
Q

Brain (CNS)

A

controls bodily functions, makes complex decisions, and initiates behaviors. Required for all voluntary movements.

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21
Q

Ventricle (CNS)

A

Small pockets in the brain that are filled with cerebro spinal cord fluid.

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22
Q

Spinal Cord

A

A large bundle of inter neurons

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23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

all nerves outside the CNS.

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24
Q

Nerve (PNS)

A

bundle of inter neurons, used in voluntary muscle movement.

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25
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Any type of movement

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26
Q

Afferent Nerve Fibers (SNS)

A

send messages from sensory neurons to brain.

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27
Q

Efferent Nerve Fibers (SNS)

A

From the brain to motor neurons

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28
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

prepares you for fight of flight response

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29
Q

Sympathetic Division (ANS)

A

what gets you pumped up. Stress full or emergency situations.

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30
Q

Parasympathetic Division (ANS)

A

makes you relax

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31
Q

Thalamus

A

Forebrain. Directly in center, relays messages from brain stem to the cortex, helps process sensory information

32
Q

Neural Projections

A

Path of neurons that run from one part of the brain to another

33
Q

Limbic System

A

Fore Brain emotion and motivation center of brain and memory

34
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Fore Brain acts as your blood analysis center. Checks glucose, blood fluid levels, regulates body temperature.

35
Q

Hippocampus

A

Forebrain-learning and memory formation

36
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

inability to form new memories

37
Q

Amygdala

A

Forebrain linked to strong emotion and fear

38
Q

Basal ganglia

A

regulates muscle coordination

39
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

higher order thinking occurs here.

40
Q

Ras

A

MIDBRAIN ricticular activating system, controls our consciousness

41
Q

Feedback Loop

A

RAZ-THALAMUS-CORTEX-RAZ. This circular motion.

42
Q

Biting the Bullet

A

RAZ- when the raz cuts off signals so you remain calm.

43
Q

Stage Freight

A

RAZ- The raz amplifies the signal.

44
Q

Cerebellum

A

HINDBRAIN- controls fine motor movement, all of voluntary muscle movements, also helps discriminate sounds, enables us to judge time.

45
Q

Medulla

A

HINDBRAIN- contols cardio vascular system

46
Q

Pons

A

HINDBRAIN- helps us dream, helps regulate sleep and facial expressions

47
Q

Electroenecephalograph (EEG)

A

a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.

48
Q

Lesioning

A

Involves destroying a piece of the brain

49
Q

Electronic Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)

A

involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate it

50
Q

Transcrancial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A

a new technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress acuity in a specific area of the brain.

51
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

A dense band of nerve fibers that connect the left and right hemisphere.

52
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Primarily deals with speech and language.

53
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Spatial information, visual processing

54
Q

Aphasia

A

inability to speak

55
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Deals with all thinking/decision making

56
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Controls voluntary muscle movements

57
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Deals with sensory integration. Receives and processes sound/touch/etc

58
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

Registers pressure, temperature, and pain, helps us locate the source of stimulation

59
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Behind ears, helps process sounds, smell, and long term memory.

60
Q

Auditory cortex

A

hearing

61
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

deals with vision

62
Q

Visual Cortex

A

processes visuals

63
Q

Soma/cell body

A

contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

64
Q

Dendrites

A

the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information

65
Q

Axon

A

is a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands

66
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

the insulating material that encases some axons

67
Q

Terminal buttons

A

small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters

68
Q

Synapse

A

a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

69
Q

Glia Cells

A

are cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons.

70
Q

Resting Potential

A

its stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive.

71
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles.

72
Q

Endorphins

A

internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effect.

73
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

releases variety of hormones that fan out around the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands.

74
Q

Genotype

A

refers to a persons genetic makeup

75
Q

Phenotype

A

refers to the ways in which a persons genotype is manifested in observable characteristics

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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