Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 201 > Chapter 39 > Flashcards

Chapter 39 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A 
Gas exchange
Delivery of oxygen to tissues through Kreb cycle
Remove wastes
Acid-base balance
Protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Respiratory pH range

A

7.34-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory diffusion

A

O2 & CO2 between alveoli & pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Respiratory perfusion

A

O2 & CO2 between capillaries & body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bronchodilators stimulate?

A

beta2- adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes?

A

Bronchodilation

Increased rate & depth of respirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parasympathetic nervous stimulation causes?

A

Bronchconstriction

Decreases rate & depth of respirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aerosol Therapy effects

A

Immediate relief of bronchospasm

Loosens thick mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disadvantages of Aerosol Therapy

A

Difficult to measure dose (only 10–50% of drug is placed)
side effects occur if client swallows drug
bitter taste
must rinse mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Small volume nebulizer (SVN)

A

Aerosol
Vaporizes liquid drug into fine mist
Uses small machine and face mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Asthma

A

inflammation and constriction of airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Status Asthmaticus

A

acute attack with severe bronchospasm

does not respond well to bronchodilator therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rescue medication types

A

Short acting beta2-agonists

Anticholingerics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Controller medication types

A

Inhaled corticosteroids
Long acting beta2-agonists
Leukotriene modifiers
Mast cell stabilizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Beta agonists
Albuterol (Proventil)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Salmeterol + Fluticasone (Advair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bronchodilator mechanism of action

A

stimulates sympathetic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists

A

Sympathomimetics

Most effective drugs for relieving acute bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists action

A

activate beta2-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist route

A

inhalation

orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist oral therapy

A

Longer duration of action than oral

can cause systemic effects of tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia(because of steroid component)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist long term use

A

decreased duration of action
leads to increased dose or addition of glucocorticoid
beta 2 receptors may decrease as you age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

salmeterol (Serevent) category

A

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

salmeterol (Serevent) mechanism of action

A

selectively binds to beta2-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
causes bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

salmeterol (Serevent) use

A

prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm

not for acute rescue, given hours before exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

salmeterol (Serevent) adverse effects

A

headaches, throat irritation nervousness, restlessness, tachycardia, dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anticholinergics action

A

block parasympathetic nervous system causing bronchodilator effect
possible alternative to beta agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) category

A

Anticholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

slower and less effective than beta 2 agonists

most effective when combined with beta 2 agonist or glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva) category

A

Anticholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva) adverse effects

A

dry mouth, GI distress, HA, anxiety, rare systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anticholinergic contraindications

A

narrow-angle glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, renal disorders, urinary bladder neck obstruction
do not give under 12 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Albuterol (Proventil) length of action

A

short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Salmeterol (Serevent) length of action

A

moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Salmeterol + Fluticasone (Advair) length of action

A

moderate plus steroid for long action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist contraindications

A

soy or peanut allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Anticholinergics ending

A

tropium

37
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) mechanism of action

A

bronchodilation by blocking cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle

38
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) use

A

acute bronchospasm
chronic bronchitis
symptomatic relief of nasal congestion

39
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) adverse effects

A

cough, drying of nasal mucosa, hoarseness, bitter taste

40
Q

Methylxanthines category

A

bronchodilators related to caffiene

41
Q

Methylxanthines ending

A

lline

42
Q

theophylline (Theo-dur) category

A

Methylxanthines

43
Q

theophylline (Theo-dur) cautions

A

narrow margin of safety & interacts with many drugs

44
Q

why don’t we use Methylxanthines

A

Less effective and produce more side effects than beta 2-agonists

45
Q

Methylxanthines adverse effects

A

profound nervousness

nausea, vomiting, CNS stimulation, dysrhythmias, insomnia

46
Q

Methylxanthines route

A

intravenous or oral

47
Q

Methylxanthines use

A

long-term prophylaxis of asthma that is unresponsive to beta-agonists or glucocorticoids

48
Q

theophylline (Theo-dur) use

A

given IV for an acute event

49
Q

What to assess when giving Methylxanthines

A

Respiratory and pulse rate, cardiac rhythm, lung sounds

Respiratory effort, skin color, oxygen-saturation level

50
Q

conditions contraindicated with Methylxanthines

A

Coronary artery disease, angina pectoris
Severe renal or liver disorders, peptic ulcer
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes mellitus

51
Q

Glucocorticoids action

A

decrease activation of inflammatory cells and increase production of anti-inflammatory mediators
Diminish mucus production
Sensitize bronchial muscle to be more responsive to beta2-agonist
Reduce bronchial hyper responsiveness to allergens

52
Q

Glucocorticoids route

A

inhaled or oral

53
Q

Glucocorticoids inhaled use

A

preventing an asthma attack

54
Q

Glucocorticoids oral use

A

short-term therapy of severe, acute asthma

55
Q

Oral Glucocorticoids time

A

Limit therapy to 5-7 days

56
Q

Oral Glucocorticoids adverse effects

A

adrenal gland atrophy, peptic ulcers, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia
more dangerous than inhailed

57
Q

inhaled Glucocorticoids time

A

take 4-8 weeks for maximal effectiveness

taken daily for therapeutic effect

58
Q

inhaled Glucocorticoids adverse effects

A

hoarseness, candidiasis

59
Q

Glucocorticoids teaching

A

rinse mouth after use (all steroid inhalers)

60
Q

Cautions when using Glucocorticoids

A

PT’s with hypertension, GI disease, congestive heart failure, thromboembolic disease
Closely monitor blood glucose levels

61
Q

beclomethasone (Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase, Vanceril)

category

A

Glucocorticoid

62
Q

beclomethasone (Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase, Vanceril) mechanism of action

A

reducing inflammation

63
Q

beclomethasone (Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase, Vanceril) use

A

decrease # of asthma attacks
allergic rhinitis
not for acute attack
use 1-2 inhalations tid (max 20)

64
Q

beclomethasone (Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase, Vanceril) adverse effects

A

oropharyngeal candidiasis, dry mouth, cough, sore throat

65
Q

Leukotrienes

A

occur naturally in the body
mediators of immune response
Promote edema, inflammation & bronchoconstriction
Involved in allergic and asthmatic reactions

66
Q

Leukotriene Modifiers use

A

oral medications used for asthma prophylaxis

not for acute tx

67
Q

Leukotriene Modifiers mechanism of action

A

Reduce inflammation/edema

68
Q

Zileuton (Zyflo) category

A

leukotriene modifier

69
Q

Zafilukast (Accolate) & Montelukast (Singulair)

A

block leukotriene receptors
May take up to 1 week for optimum therapeutic benefit
take in AM to avoid insomnia

70
Q

Zileuton (Zyflo) mechanism of action

A

blocks lipoxgenase, an enzyme that synthesizes leukotrienes

71
Q

Zileuton (Zyflo) time

A

Must be taken QID

More rapid onset of action

72
Q

What to monitor with Leukotriene Modifiers

A

Respiratory and pulse rates, respiratory effort, lung sounds
Skin color, oxygen-saturation level
Liver finction
PT & INR when taking coumadin

73
Q

zafirlukast (Accolate) category

A

Leukotriene Modifier

74
Q

zafirlukast (Accolate) mechanism of action

A

prevents airway edema and inflammation by blocking leukotriene receptors in airways

75
Q

zafirlukast (Accolate) use

A

for prophylaxis of persistent, chronic asthma

76
Q

zafirlukast (Accolate) adverse effects

A

headache, nausea, diarrhea, rare hepatic failure, depression, insomnia, dark urine, clay colored stools (indicate hepatic involvement)

77
Q

Mast-Cell Stabilizers action

A

inhibit mast cells from releasing histamine and other chemical mediators
Reduce inflammation

78
Q

Mast-Cell Stabilizers teaching

A

take daily
takes weeks to reach therapeutic level
not for acute attack
less effective than glucocorticicoids

79
Q

Cromolyn (Intal) category

A

mast cell stabilizers

80
Q

Cromolyn (Intal) administration

A

through MDI of nebulizer

Inhaled 4-6x/day due to short half life

81
Q

Cromolyn (Intal) adverse effects

A

stinging or burning of nasal passages, throat irritation, nasal congestion
Uncommon: bronchospasm, anaphylaxis

unplesent taste

82
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

characterized by airflow obstruction resulting from chronic bronchitis or emphysema

83
Q

emphysema characteristics

A

loss of elastic recoil in the lungs so they are overly distended
destruction of elastic lining trapping air in distal spaces

84
Q

emphysema breathing pattern

A

Use of accessory muscles, tachypnea, pursed-lip breathing

85
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive years

86
Q

Chronic Bronchitis characteristics

A

Potential cor pulmonale (collapse), atelectasis

Increased airway resistance

87
Q

COPD Drug Therapy

A

Bronchodilators (maintenance)
Corticosteroids (exacerbations)
Mucolytics & expectorants
Antibiotics

88
Q

Parasympathetic

A

constriction

89
Q

Sympathetic

A

dilation

Pharm 201 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions