Chapter 34

Question 1

Classification of Anti-Infective Drugs

Answer 1

chemical structure

mechanism of action

Question 2

Pathogens

Answer 2

Organisms that can cause disease

Question 3

Types of pathogens

Answer 3

Bacteria, viruses, protozoa
Fungi; intracellular organisms
Multicellular animals

Question 4

2 ways pathogens cause disease

Answer 4

Divide rapidly to overcome body defenses

Disrupt normal cell function

Question 5

Gram + stain

Answer 5

purple

staph, strep, entero

Question 6

Gram - stain

Answer 6

no purple

pseudomonas, e. coli, klebsiella, salmonella

Question 7

Lab for sepsis

Answer 7

blood culture

Question 8

Bacteriostatic anti-infective

Answer 8

slow growth of bacteria, WBCs assist

Question 9

Bacteria culture and sensitivity testing

Answer 9

result may take several days

Question 10

Virus culture and sensitivity testing

Answer 10

result may take several weeks

Question 11

Cephalosporins

Answer 11

start with CEF

similar to penecillin

Question 12

Tetracycline consideration

Answer 12

do not take with Ca+ or Iron
do not use in children under 8
use cautiously in those with impaired kidney or liver

Question 13

Macrolides

Answer 13

penecillin alternative
Z-pack
broad spectrum

Question 14

Fluoroquinolones mechanism of action

Answer 14

inhibit bacterial DNA

Affects bacterial replication and DNA repair

Question 15

Fluoroquinolones use

Answer 15

for respiratory infections, bone and joint infections, GI infections, ophthalmic infections, sinusitis, and prostatitis

Question 16

Fluoroquinolones adverse effects

Answer 16

phototoxicity, headache, dizziness, Stevens-Johnson (Davis Drug Book)
Black box warning for tendonitis & tendon rupture

Question 17

Fluoroquinolones considerations

Answer 17

monitor liver and renal function
monitor WBC
ok to take with food

Question 18

Fluoroquinolones what to avoid

Answer 18

multivits & minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, or zinc ions- ↓ absorption by 90%

Question 19

First line TB drugs

Answer 19

Interfere with bacterium’s DNA or RNA metabolism

Question 20

Second line TB drugs

Answer 20

Interfere with bacterium’s protein synthesis

Question 21

TB drug contraindications

Answer 21

history of alcohol abuse, AIDS, liver disease, convulsions,
kidney disease
Use with caution with pregnant or lactating women

Question 22

Tuberculosis: Drug Therapy

Answer 22

2–4 antibiotics administered concurrently- mycobacterium grows slowly and is commonly resistant

Question 23

TB Chemoprophylaxis

Answer 23

drugs used to prevent disease in high-risk populations

ie: prison, homeless, AIDS