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Pharm 201 > Chapter 32 and 37 > Flashcards

Chapter 32 and 37 Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of 75% of cancers

A

smoking, poor diet

and lack of exercise

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2
Q

Palliation

A

decrease size of tumor or control side effects to make person feel better, but the cancer continues

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3
Q

Cell Cycle Specific tx: M phase

A

Plant Alkaloids (Vincristine), Taxanes (Paclitaxel)

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4
Q

Cell Cycle Specific tx: G2 phase

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors (Irinotecan)

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5
Q

Cell Cycle Specific tx: S phase

A

Antifolates (methotrexate); Antipurine (hydroxyurea)

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6
Q

Cell Cycle Non-Specific tx

A

Alkylating agents cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Anthracycline antibiotics (Doxorubicin)
Nitrosureas (Carmustine)
Miscellaenous (Cisplatin, Dacarbazine)

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7
Q

Agents Used in the Treatment of Cancer

A 
Antimetabolites
Alkylating agents
Plant Alkaloids
Antibiotic Antineoplastics
Hormones Therapy
Monoclonal Antibodies
Radioactive Isotopes
Biological Response Modifiers
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8
Q

Antineoplastic Agents effect

A

affect all cells, both healthy and sick

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9
Q

Antineoplastic Agents dose limiting effects

A

death of GI cells causing N+V

***Myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression): too low a cell count may result in death

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10
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Cell cycle non specific

Kills cancer cells by directly attacking DNA

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11
Q

Alkylating Agents uses

A

treatment of chronic leukemias, Hodgkin’s, lymphomas

Certain lung, breast, prostate, and ovary

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12
Q

Alkylating Agents examples

A

Cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard

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13
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Interferes with DNA synthesis
stop development and reproduction of cell
cell cycle specific

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14
Q

Antimetabolites examples

A

mercaptopurine and 5-fluorouracil (5FU)

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15
Q

Antitumor Antibiotics

A

Bind with DNA and preventing RNA synthesis

Used in a wide variety of cancers

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16
Q

Antitumor Antibiotics examples

A

Doxorubicin, Mitomycin C and Bleomycin

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17
Q

Plant (Vinca) Alkaloids

A

Derived from plants

Block cell division during mitosis

18
Q

Plant (Vinca) Alkaloids uses

A

ALL, Hodgkin’s and non Hodgkin’s lymphomas, neuroblastomas, cancers of the lung, breast and testes

19
Q

Plant (Vinca) Alkaloids examples

A

Vincristine and Vinblastine

20
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Includes adrenocorticosteroids, estrogens, antiestrogens, progesterones and androgens

21
Q

Steroid Hormones action

A

unclear- modify the growth of hormone-dependent cancers

22
Q

Steroid Hormones example

A

tamoxifen

23
Q

Combination chemotherapy

A

only partially effective used together
decreases drug resistance
attacks cancer on several fronts
kills more healthy tissue

24
Q

Drugs used to treat side effects

A

Antiemetics (anti-nausea)

Blood-forming agents

25
Q

Growth Factors

A

stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red, white and platelet cells

26
Q

Growth Factors examples

A

erythropoietin (Epogen) for RBC, Filgrastim (Neupogen) and Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) for WBC and oprelvekin (Neumega) for platelets

27
Q

Growth Factors side effects

A

bone pain

edema, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, rash and diarrhea, hypertension, dysrhythmias

28
Q

Rescue Agents

A

help prevent severe side effects from Ca treatment

given at the same time or just after chemotherapy

29
Q

Limitations of chemotherapy

A 
Lack of effective drug
Tumor outgrows blood supply
Patient tolerance
Myelosuppression
Drug resistance
30
Q

Antineoplastic drug adverse reactions

A 
bone marrow suppression
N+V
Anorexia
GI disturbances
Alopecia
Avoid pregnancy
31
Q

Bone Marrow Suppression considerations

A

Assess for signs of infection

Monitor for S/S of bleeding

32
Q

Bone Marrow Suppression interventions

A 
Administer antibiotics
Administer colony stimulating factors such as Epogen
Private room
Avoid others with infections or crowds
Check labs 
avoid injury
33
Q

Mucositis interventions

A

Swish and spit with anti-fungal medication for thrush
Rinse with NS and Hydrogen Peroxide
Use topical anesthetics swish and swallow before meals

34
Q

Biologic Response Modifiers

A

Alter body defenses to kill cancer cells

Immunostimulants

35
Q

Cytokines

A

Biotherapy Agents
broad class of protein cell regulators produced by the immune system
have multiple effects

36
Q

Cytokines examples

A

Interferons
Interleukins
Hematopoietic growth factors

37
Q

Interferons (IFNs)

A

have antiviral, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties

38
Q

Interferons (IFNs) uses

A

hairy cell leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic hepatitis B & C, Kaposi sarcoma found in patients with AIDS

39
Q

Interleukins (ILs)

A

Secreted by macrophages, lymphocytes and monocytes

40
Q

Interleukins (ILs) effects

A

stimulates cytotoxic T cell activity against tumor cells, increase B cell and plasma cell production and promotes inflammation

41
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies

A

any drug ending in MAB

recognize and bind to only one tumor associated antigen

42
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies side effects

A

fevers, rigors, N/V, headache) to more severe urticaria, dyspnea, hypotension, myelosuppression bronchospasm, anaphylaxis

Pharm 201 (24 decks)

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